Abstract: The invention describes an encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values, particularly by first using encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: The invention describes an encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values, particularly by first using encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: The invention describes an encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values, particularly by first using encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: The invention describes an encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values, particularly by first using encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: The invention describes an encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values, particularly by first using encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: The invention describes an encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values, particularly by first using encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: The invention describes an encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values, particularly by first using encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: The invention describes an encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values, particularly by first using encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: The invention describes an encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values, particularly by first using encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: An encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values comprises encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: Embodiments according to the invention relate to a decoder for providing decoded parameters of a neural network on the basis of an encoded representation, wherein the decoder is configured to obtain a first multi-dimensional array comprising a plurality of neural network parameter values using a decoding of neural network parameters and wherein the decoder is configured to obtain a re-ordered multidimensional array using a reordering, in which a first dimension of the first multi-dimensional array is rearranged to a different dimension in the re-ordered multidimensional array. Furthermore, encoders, methods and computer programs using a reordering are disclosed.

Abstract: In an encoder and a decoder for Region Based Intra Block Copy, the encoder may be configured for block-based encoding a picture into a data stream, and the decoder may be configured for block-based decoding a picture from a data stream. The encoder and decoder may further be configured to determine for a current block of the picture a difference between a first predetermined block and a second predetermined block inside a block search area. The encoder may encode the difference into the data stream and the decoder may derive the difference from the data stream. According to the innovative principle, the encoder and the decoder may be configured to partition the block search area into multiple block search regions.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to a method, a decoder and/or an encoder for entropy coding of parameters of neural networks and their incremental updates, and in particular to reduced value set coding and history depended significance coding.

Abstract: In an encoder and a decoder for Region Based Intra Block Copy, the encoder may be configured for block-based encoding a picture into a data stream, and the decoder may be configured for block-based decoding a picture from a data stream. The encoder and decoder may further be configured to determine for a current block of the picture a difference between a first predetermined block and a second predetermined block inside a block search area. The encoder may encode the difference into the data stream and the decoder may derive the difference from the data stream. According to the innovative principle, the encoder and the decoder may be configured to partition the block search area into multiple block search regions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a decoder for decoding parameters of a neural network, configured to obtain a plurality of neural network parameters of the neural network on the basis of an encoded bitstream, to obtain, e.g. to receive; e.g. to extract from an encoded bitstream, a node information describing a node of a parameter update tree, wherein the node information has a parent node identifier, which is, for example, a unique parent node identifier, for example an integer number, a string, and/or a cryptographic hash, and wherein the node information has a parameter update information, e.g. one or more update instructions, for example a difference signal between initial neural network parameters and a newer version thereof, e.g. corresponding to a child node of the update tree, and to derive one or more neural network parameters using parameter information of a parent node identified by the parent node identifier and using the parameter update information.

Abstract: A decoder for decoding weight parameters of a neural network, wherein the decoder is configured to obtain a plurality of neural network parameters of the neural network on the basis of an encoded bitstream. Furthermore, the decoder is configured to decode the neural network parameters of the neural network using a context-dependent arithmetic decoding Moreover, the decoder is configured to obtain a probability estimate for a decoding of a bin of a number representation of a neural network parameter using one or more probability estimation parameters. In addition, the decoder is configured to use different probability estimation parameter values for a decoding of different neural network parameters and/or to use different probability estimation parameter values for a decoding of bins associated with different context models. Some embodiments are configured to use different probability estimation parameter values for a decoding of neural network parameters of different layers of the neural network.

Abstract: The invention describes an encoding scheme for encoding a sequence of integer values, particularly by first using encoding a value at a predetermined position and then consecutively calculating and encoding differences between neighboring values. A respective decoding scheme is also provided. These encoding and decoding schemes provide a more efficient encoding concept.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating a NN representation, configured to quantize an NN parameter onto a quantized value by determining a quantization parameter and a quantization value for the NN parameter so that from the quantization parameter, there is derivable a multiplier and a bit shift number. Additionally, the determining of the quantization parameter and the quantization value for the NN parameter is performed so that the quantized value of the NN parameter corresponds to a product between the quantization value and a factor, which depends on the multiplier, bit-shifted by a number of bits which depends on the bit shift number.

Abstract: A method for generating electric current comprises the method steps of providing an organic compound having at least one ether function, reacting the organic compound with water in a reaction chamber having an acidic environment to form an enriched hydrogen carrier medium, converting the enriched hydrogen carrier medium into electricity to form a depleted hydrogen carrier medium in a fuel cell, obtaining water, and providing electric current generated during said conversion into electricity.

Abstract: In an encoder and a decoder for Region Based Intra Block Copy, the encoder may be configured for block-based encoding a picture into a data stream, and the decoder may be configured for block-based decoding a picture from a data stream. The encoder and decoder may further be configured to determine for a current block of the picture a difference between a first predetermined block and a second predetermined block inside a block search area. The encoder may encode the difference into the data stream and the decoder may derive the difference from the data stream. According to the innovative principle, the encoder and the decoder may be configured to partition the block search area into multiple block search regions.