Abstract: The systems, methods, devices and kits disclosed herein be used to determine the presence and/or level a target analyte(s) in a biological sample, wherein the analyte(s) is associated with a pathogenic (e.g., a viral antigen or whole virus) or otherwise altered physiological condition (e.g., pregnancy). In certain embodiments, the systems, methods, devices and kits provide one or more improved properties relative to the RT-PCT and lateral flow antibody assays known in the art for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, including but not limited to, assay time, ease of use, risk of infection, accuracy, specificity, selectivity, limit of detection of the assay, quantitative detection and the effect of common interferents to the sensor output, cost, simplicity or a combination thereof.