Abstract: Compounds of the formula Z: where; A is CH or N; R1 is a substituent to a carbon atom in the ring containing A selected from —S(?O)pRa, where Ra is —C1-C4 alkyl, —ORx, —NRxRx, —NHNRxRx, —NHNHC(?O)ORx, —NRxOH; —C(?O)—Rb, where Rb is —CT-C4-alkyl, ORx, —NRxRx, —NHNRxRx, —NHC1-C3-alkyl-C(?O)Orx —NRxRc, where Rc is H, C1-C4 alkyl, —NRxRx; —C(=0)Rd, —CN, S(?O)pRx, where Rd is Rd is C1-C4-alkyl, —ORx, —NRxRx C1-C3-alkyl-O—C1-C3-alkylC(?O)ORx, —C1-C3-alkyl-COORx; —C1-C3alkyl-OH or C1-C4 alkyl ethers or esters thereof (O—C1-C3alkyl)q-O—Rx a 5 or 6 membered aromatic ring having 1-3 hetero atoms p is 1 or 2; Rx is independently selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl or acetyl; or a pair of Rx can together with the adjacent N atom form a ring; L is -0-, —S(?O)—, or —CH2—, where r is 0, 1 or 2; R3-R7 are substituents as defined in the specification; X is —(CR8R8?)n-D-(CR8R8?)m-; D is a bond, —NR9—, -0-, —S—, —S(=0)- or —S(=0)2-; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, have utility as HIV antivirals.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of promoting neurogenesis by contacting neuronal tissue with neurogenesis modulating agents. Novel methods for treating neurological disorders using neurogenesis modulating agents are disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula Z: where; A is CH or N; R1 is a substituent to a carbon atom in the ring containing A selected from —S(?O)pRa, where Ra is —C1-C4 alkyl, —ORx, —NRxRx, —NHNRxRx, —NHNHC(?O)ORx, —NRxOH; —C(?O)—Rb, where Rb is —CT-C4-alkyl, ORx, —NRxRx, —NHNRxRx, —NHC1-C3-alkyl-C(?O)Orx —NRxRc, where Rc is H, C1-C4 alkyl, —NRxRx; —C(=0)Rd, —CN, S(?O)pRx, where Rd is Rd is C1-C4-alkyl, —ORx, —NRxRx C1-C3-alkyl-O—C1-C3-alkylC(?O)ORx, —C1-C3-alkyl-COORx; —C1-C3alkyl-OH or C1-C4 alkyl ethers or esters thereof (O—C1-C3alkyl)q-O—Rx a 5 or 6 membered aromatic ring having 1-3 hetero atoms p is 1 or 2; Rx is independently selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl or acetyl; or a pair of Rx can together with the adjacent N atom form a ring; L is —O —, —S(?O)—, or —CH2—, where r is 0, 1 or 2; R3-R7 are substituents as defined in the specification; X is —(CR8R8?)n-D-(CR8R8?)m-; D is a bond, —NR9—, —O—, —S—, —S(=0)- or —S(=0)2-; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, have utility as HIV antivirals.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of culturing, propagating, treating, and maintaining stem cells in the presence of a phosphate mimic. In particular, the invention relates to the propagation of stem cells in vitro, the formation of neurospheres in vitro, and to tissue culture of stem cells in the presence of a phosphate mimic. The invention further relates to the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of promoting neurogenesis by contacting neuronal tissue with neurogenesis modulating agents. Novel methods for treating neurological disorders using neurogenesis modulating agents are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of promoting neurogenesis by contacting neuronal tissue with neurogenesis increasing agents. Novel methods for treating neurological disorders using neurogenesis increasing agents are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of promoting neurogenesis by contacting neuronal tissue with neurogenesis modulating agents. Novel methods for treating neurological disorders using neurogenesis modulating agents are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of promoting neurogenesis by contacting neuronal tissue with intracellular cAMP elevating agents and intracellular Ca2+ elevating agents. Novel agents for promoting neurogenesis are disclosed. These agents include novel agents for increasing intracellular cAMP.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of promoting neurogenesis by contacting neuronal tissue with neurogenesis modulating agents. Novel methods for treating neurological disorders using neurogenesis modulating agents are disclosed.