Abstract: The invention relates to the use of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants as gel phase free emulsion systems for emulsion polymerization. The nonionic surfactants are chosen from the group (a) of the addition products from 1 to 40 mol ethylene and/or propylene oxide per mol of allyl alcohol, and (b) of the addition products from 1 to 40 mol ethylene and/or propylene oxide per mol of allyl alcohol, wherein the OH-group of said addition products is end-capped in the sense that it is substituted by a group OR, wherein R is an alkyl group with 1 to 20 C-atoms, which can be saturated or unsaturated, straight chained or branched.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copolymerizable emulsifier comprising (meth)acrylic acid esters, selected from compounds of the general formula (1) and (II), where: A is an acrylic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, x and y independently of each other are a hydrogen group or a methyl group, B is hydrogen or a sulfate or phosphate group, and n a number in the range of 0 to 40. The invention further relates to methods of using said copolymerizable emulsifier in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers to prepare polymers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of maleic esters selected from compounds of formulae (I) and (II) as copolymerizable emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers, in which A is an alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms; X and Z independently are hydrogen or methyl; M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or an ammonium or other amine salt; and n and p independently are numbers in the range from 0 to 40.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of maleic esters selected from compounds of formulae (I), (II) and (III), as copolymerizable emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers, in which A is a C3-C40 alkyl group; X, Y and Z independently are hydrogen or methyl; B and D independently are sulfate, phosphate or hydrogen; n and p independently are numbers in the range from 0 to 40; and m is a number in the range from 2 to 40.

Abstract: Surfactant compositions which comprise (i) 10 to 90% by weight of one or more compounds selected from the group (a) to (e), and (ii) 10 to 90% by weight of water, based on the composition, are disclosed, where the compounds (a) to (e) are defined as follows: (a) addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with allyl alcohol, (b) addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with allyl alcohol, terminally capped with C1-20 alkyl, (c) compounds of the formula R1—O—X—R2, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units and where R1 and R2 independently are C1-20 alkyl, excluding allyl, (d) compounds of the formula R3—O—X—H, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units and where R3 is C1-20 alkyl, excluding allyl, (e) compounds of the formula H—O—X—H, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units. The surfactant compositions are liquid and pourable at 20° C., with a pour point below 0° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants as gel phase free emulator systems for the emulsion polymerization, wherein said nonionic surfactants are chosen from the group (a) of the addition products from 1 to 40 mol ethylene and/or propylene oxide per mol of allyl alcohol, and (b) of the addition products from 1 to 40 mol ethylene and/or propylene oxide per mol of allyl alcohol, wherein the OH-group of said addition products is end-capped in the sense that it is substituted by a group OR, wherein R is an alkyl group with 1 to 20 C-atoms, which can be saturated or unsaturated, straight chained or branched.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copolymerizable emulsifier comprising (meth)acrylic acid esters, selected from compounds of the general formula (1) and (II), where: A is an acrylic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, x and y independently of each other are a hydrogen group or a methyl group, B is hydrogen or a sulfate or phosphate group, and n a number in the range of 0 to 40. The invention further relates to methods of using said copolymerizable emulsifier in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers to prepare polymers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of maleic esters selected from compounds of formulae (I), (II) and (III), as copolymerizable emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers, in which A is a C3-C40 alkyl group; X, Y and Z independently are hydrogen or methyl; B and D independently are sulfate, phosphate or hydrogen; n and p independently are numbers in the range from 0 to 40; and m is a number in the range from 2 to 40.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of maleic esters selected from compounds of formulae (I) and (II) as copolymerizable emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers, in which A is an alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms; X and Z independently are hydrogen or methyl; M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or an ammonium or other amine salt; and n and p independently are numbers in the range from 0 to 40.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of nonionic surfactants as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization, one or more nonionic surfactants being selected from the group consisting of (a) addition products of from 1 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide per mole onto allyl alcohol, and (b) addition products of from 1 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide per mole onto allyl alcohol, where the OH group of these addition products is terminally capped in the sense that it is replaced by a group OR, where R is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched.

Abstract: Surfactant compositions which comprise (i) 10 to 90% by weight of one or more compounds selected from the group (a) to (e), and (ii) 10 to 90% by weight of water, based on the composition, are disclosed, where the compounds (a) to (e) are defined as follows: (a) addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with allyl alcohol, (b) addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with allyl alcohol, terminally capped with C1-20 alkyl, (c) compounds of the formula R1—O—X—R2, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units and where R1 and R2 independently are C1-20 alkyl, excluding allyl, (d) compounds of the formula R3—O—X—H, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units and where R3 is C1-20 alkyl, excluding allyl, (e) compounds of the formula H—O—X—H, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units. The surfactant compositions are liquid and pourable at 20° C., with a pour point below 0° C.