Abstract: Access control is mediated by a set of 2-tuple labels or attributes which are associated with subject and object entities, respectively. Subject entitles, such as processes, have separate read and write attributes, while object entities, such as files, have separate integrity and write control attributes. The system implements a set of rules to provide both integrity control and confidentiality protection. Specifically, write operations to an object are inhibited where the subject's write attribute is lower than the write control attribute of the object. Read operations from an object are inhibited where the subject's read attribute is lower than the object's integrity attribute. When a subject reads from an object having a lower integrity level than the subject's read attribute, the subject's read attribute is demoted.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to enhance existing caches in a network to better support streaming media storage and distribution. Helper machines are used inside the network to implement several methods which support streaming media including segmentation of streaming media objects into smaller units, cooperation of Helper machines, and novel placement and replacement policies for segments of media objects.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for scheduling packet transmissions on a data channel from a base transceiver station to a plurality of wireless terminals. The method includes, in response to detecting an available timeslot, computing utilization evaluation values for the respective media sub-streams using data rate feedback information from the wireless terminals and respective average data rates associated with respective media sub-streams, selecting one of the media sub-streams having an associated utilization evaluation value indicative of a best available channel utilization for the data channel, and transmitting a packet from the selected media sub-stream toward at least one wireless terminal belonging to a media sub-group associated with the selected media sub-stream. An average data rate associated with each media sub-stream is updated at each timeslot.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for providing multimedia content to a plurality of wireless terminals. The method includes transcoding an original media stream to form at least one companion media stream, each media stream having a different data rate, and advertising each media stream to each of the plurality of wireless terminals, each wireless terminal having an associated channel condition. The original media stream and at least one companion media stream are each adapted for being selected by each of the wireless terminals. For each wireless terminal selecting one of the media streams, the selected one of the media streams is selected using the data rates of the media streams and the channel condition of the wireless terminal. The transcoding of the media stream to form the at least one companion media stream may be performed using channel condition information.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for providing multimedia content. The method includes receiving, at a network element having a first buffer, a data stream conveying a media clip having an associated media bit rate, the media clip intended for transmission toward a wireless terminal having a second buffer, and transmitting the data stream toward the wireless terminal at a media transmission rate determined according to a data rate supported by a radio access network over which the data stream is transmitted toward the wireless terminal. The buffers bridge a mismatch between the media bit rate and media transmission rate. The wireless terminal may select one of a plurality of presentation modes, where the selected presentation mode controls streaming of the media clip to the wireless terminal and presentation of the media clip at the wireless terminal.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for providing media content. The method includes duplicating each packet of an original packet stream for which an associated importance level satisfies an importance condition, inserting each duplicate packet within the original packet stream to form thereby a modified packet stream, and transmitting the modified packet stream toward a wireless terminal adapted for processing the modified packet stream for presenting the media content conveyed by the original packet stream. The duplicate packets may be inserted within respective windows associated with the duplicate packets, wherein each window is determined according to an original packet position associated with the original packet from which the duplicate packet is formed.

Abstract: A mandatory access control method for securing an operating system is presented. A first integrity subject reads a first object. The first integrity subject attempts to read a second object. It is determined that a conflict exists between the first and second objects. At least one security rule is applied to the conflict between the first and the second objects.

Abstract: To address the problem of providing network-based security to mitigate and detect cheating in peer-to-peer (P2P) gaming architecture, an architecture suite called architectures with coordinator obfuscation for resilient P2P gaming networks (ACORN) is presented that uses a combination of low overhead, per-packet access authentication, moving-coordinator and cheat detection mechanisms to effectively mitigate security threats.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for regenerative signaling. Specifically, the method includes receiving at least one base protocol message formatted in accordance with at least one base protocol, obtaining service information associated with at least one network service, and generating, in response to the at least one base protocol message, at least one companion protocol message formatted in accordance with at least one companion protocol. The at least one base protocol message is associated with at least one service endpoint. The service information associated with at least one network service is obtained using the at least one base protocol message. The at least one companion protocol message is generated using at least a portion of the service information. The at least one companion protocol message is operable for controlling the at least one network service in a manner substantially transparent to the at least one service endpoint.

Abstract: A method of post-processing character data from an optical character recognition (OCR) engine and apparatus to perform the method. This exemplary method includes segmenting the character data into a set of initial words. The set of initial words is word level processed to determine at least one candidate word corresponding to each initial word. The set of initial words is segmented into a set of sentences. Each sentence in the set of sentences includes a plurality of initial words and candidate words corresponding to the initial words. A sentence is selected from the set of sentences. The selected sentence is word disambiguity processed to determine a plurality of final words. A final word is selected from the at least one candidate word corresponding to a matching initial word. The plurality of final words is then assembled as post-processed OCR data.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for providing multimedia content to a calling party device. Specifically, the method comprises receiving a connection establishment request from a calling party device where the connection establishment request is operable for establishing a connection between the calling party device and a called party device in an Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network, obtaining multimedia content information in response to the connection establishment request where the multimedia content information is operable for establishing at least one multimedia session with the calling party device, and transmitting at least a portion of the multimedia content information towards the calling party device contemporaneously with establishment of the connection.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for providing multimedia content to a calling party device. Specifically, the method comprises receiving a multimedia ringback service request in response to a connection request for establishing a connection between the calling party device and a called party device, determining an address associated with the calling party device in response to the multimedia ringback service request, identifying the multimedia content associated with the multimedia ringback service request, and establishing at least one multimedia session with the calling party device using the address where the at least one multimedia session is operable for providing the multimedia content towards the calling party device contemporaneously with establishing the connection.

Abstract: A method for segmenting a color document into regions of text and halftone discriminates between text and halftone by examining the texture of the document. A color document is digitized, and a color space transform is preferably applied to the digitized document. The texture of the document is identified and a noise reduction step is preferably applied. Bounding boxes (blocks) within the document are identified and then the areas within the bounding boxes are classified as either text or halftone. Two alternative methods are described for examining the document texture. In the first method, a windowing operation is applied to either an intensity image or a color difference image. In the second method, a wavelet transform step combined with Fuzzy K-Mean clustering is applied. Bounding boxes are classified as either text or halftone based upon the relative periodicity of a horizontal or vertical (or both) histogram of each bounding box.

Abstract: A mandatory access control method for securing an operating system is presented. A first integrity subject reads a first object. The first integrity subject attempts to read a second object. It is determined that a conflict exists between the first and second objects. At least one security rule is applied to the conflict between the first and the second objects.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying and separating handwritten text from machine printed text in a document having a combination of handwritten text and machine printed text. In one embodiment, the present invention is installed as an intelligent printing control interface in a conventional computer and allows any document generated by any application to be selectively processed to remove any handwritten text prior to printing of the document, under the control of the user. In an alternative embodiment, the present invention is installed as an intelligent printing control interface in a conventional digital copy machine, which allows any document being copied to be selectively processed to remove any handwritten text prior to printing of the document, under the control of the user. The present invention employs a handwriting separation method which uses Hidden Markov Models to identify regions as either handwritten text or machine printed text.

Abstract: The Fair-Order Service of the present invention delivers action messages to the server as soon as it is feasible. Because action messages from different players exhibit different reaction times with respect to an update message, the Fair-Ordering Service executed at the server dynamically enforces a sufficient waiting period on each action message to guarantee the fair processing of all action messages. In reality, the waiting period at the server is bounded because of the real-time nature of interactive games. The algorithms that offer Fair Ordering Service take into consideration delayed and out-of-order action messages. When action messages corresponding to multiple update messages are interleaved, the Fair-Ordering Service matches the action message to the appropriate update message. It accomplishes this by maintaining a window of update messages and using the reaction times for an action message for each of the update messages in the window.

Abstract: A scanned document image, including add-on information such as handwritten annotations in addition to printed text lines, is processed by a handwriting detection method. First, at least one projection histogram is generated from the scanned document image. A regular pattern that correlates to the printed text lines is determined from the projection histogram. Second, connected component analysis is applied to the scanned document image to generate at least one merged text line. Each merged text line relates to at least one of the handwritten annotation and the printed text line. By comparing the merged text lines to the regular pattern of the projection histograms, the printed text lines are discriminated from the handwritten annotations.

Abstract: A method of post-processing character data from an optical character recognition (OCR) engine and apparatus to perform the method. This exemplary method includes segmenting the character data into a set of initial words. The set of initial words is word level processed to determine at least one candidate word corresponding to each initial word. The set of initial words is segmented into a set of sentences. Each sentence in the set of sentences includes a plurality of initial words and candidate words corresponding to the initial words. A sentence is selected from the set of sentences. The selected sentence is word disambiguity processed to determine a plurality of final words. A final word is selected from the at least one candidate word corresponding to a matching initial word. The plurality of final words is then assembled as post-processed OCR data.

Abstract: A method for segmenting a color document into regions of text and halftone discriminates between text and halftone by examining the texture of the document. A color document is digitized, and a color space transform is preferably applied to the digitized document. The texture of the document is identified and a noise reduction step is preferably applied. Bounding boxes (blocks) within the document are identified and then the areas within the bounding boxes are classified as either text or halftone. Two alternative methods are described for examining the document texture. In the first method, a windowing operation is applied to either an intensity image or a color difference image. In the second method, a wavelet transform step combined with Fuzzy K-Mean clustering is applied. Bounding boxes are classified as either text or halftone based upon the relative periodicity of a horizontal or vertical (or both) histogram of each bounding box.

Abstract: A method for interpreting objects alongside a road obtains an image of an object in the vicinity of the road, displays the image to an occupant of the vehicle and receives a signal selecting the object. The method identifies the object by extracting and recognizing text from the image. The method then translates the text into a language with which the occupant of the vehicle is familiar and presents the translated text to the occupant either as a text overlay on the displayed image or as a speech signal.