Abstract: One aspect relates to a process for the preparation of a quartz glass body including: i.) providing a silicon dioxide granulate, ii.) making a first glass melt out of the silicon dioxide granulate, iii.) making a glass product out of at least one part of the glass melt, iv.) reducing the size of the glass product to obtain a quartz glass grain, v.) making a further glass melt from the quartz glass grain and vi.) making a quartz glass body out of at least one part of the further glass melt. Furthermore, one aspect relates to a quartz glass body obtainable by this process. Furthermore, one aspect relates to a reactor, which is obtainable by further processing of the quartz glass body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclohexane by isomerizing a hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) comprising methylcyclopentane (MCP) in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is preferably an acidic ionic liquid. The starting material used is a stream (S1) which originates from a steamcracking process. The hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) obtained from this stream (S1) in an apparatus for aromatics removal has a reduced aromatics content compared to stream (S1), and (HM1) may optionally also be (virtually) free of aromatics. Depending on the type and amount of the aromatics remaining in the hydrocarbon mixture (HM1), especially in the case that benzene is present, the isomerization may additionally be preceded by performance of a hydrogenation of (HM1). In addition, depending on the presence of other components of (HM1), further purification steps may optionally be performed prior to or after the isomerization or hydrogenation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclohexane by isomerizing a hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) comprising methylcyclopentane (MCP) in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is preferably an acidic ionic liquid. The starting material used is a stream (S1) which originates from a steamcracking process. The hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) obtained from this stream (S1) in an apparatus for aromatics removal has a reduced aromatics content compared to stream (S1), and (HM1) may optionally also be (virtually) free of aromatics. Depending on the type and amount of the aromatics remaining in the hydrocarbon mixture (HM1), especially in the case that benzene is present, the isomerization may additionally be preceded by performance of a hydrogenation of (HM1). In addition, depending on the presence of other components of (HM1), further purification steps may optionally be performed prior to or after the isomerization or hydrogenation.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters and carboxamides by the reaction of aromatic or heteroaromatic halides R—Xn, in which n=integer from 1 to 6, R=substituted or unsubstituted and aromatic or heteroaromatic radical and X=chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, with carbon monoxide and water, ammonia, alcohols or amines in the presence of bases and zero-valent or divalent palladium compounds and bidentate diphosphanes or complexes of zero-valent or divalent palladium with bidentate diphosphanes, in which use is made of bidentate diphosphanes (R1—)(R2—)P—Y—P(—R3)(—R4) in which R1 to R4=unsubstituted aryl radicals or aryl radicals substituted with at least one radical exhibiting a positive resonance effect or a positive inductive effect, or unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl radicals, and Y=hydrocarbon group with a total of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, in which at least one of the carbon atoms carries only one or no hydrogen atom as substituent; except fo

Abstract: The present invention relates to 5-isopropyl-3-aminomethyl-2-methyl-1-aminocyclohexane (carvonediamine) and to a process for preparation thereof by a) reacting carvone with hydrogen cyanide, b) then reacting the carvonenitrile obtained in stage a) with ammonia in the presence of an imine formation catalyst and c) then reacting the carvonenitrile imine-containing reaction mixture obtained in stage b) with hydrogen and ammonia over hydrogenation catalysts. The present invention further relates to the use of carvonediamine as a hardener for epoxy resins, as an intermediate in the preparation of diisocyanates, as a starter in the preparation of polyetherols and/or as a monomer for polyamide preparation.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted biphenyls of the formula I where R1=nitro or amino, R2=cyano, halogen, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-haloalkoxy or C1-C4-haloalkylthio, n=from 0 to 3, and R3=hydrogen, cyano or halogen, which comprises reacting a halobenzene of the formula II in which Hal is chlorine or bromine, in the presence of a base and of a palladium catalyst which consists of palladium and a bidentate phosphorus ligand of the formula III where Ar is phenyl which is substituted if desired and R4 and R5 are each C1-C8-alkyl or C3-C6-cycloalkyl or together form a 2- to 7-membered bridge which may, if desired, bear a C1-C6-alkyl substituent, in a solvent or diluent, with a phenylboronic acid IVa a diphenylborinic acid IVb or a mixture of IVa and IVb.

Abstract: Process for preparing polyoxymethylenes by polymerization of the monomers a) in the presence of cationically active initiators b) and, if appropriate in the presence of regulators c) and subsequent deactivation d) and discharge from the reactor, wherein at least one ionic liquid is used as initiator b).

Abstract: Process for the preparation of aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters and carboxamides by the reaction of aromatic or heteroaromatic halides R—Xn, in which n=integer from 1 to 6, R=substituted or unsubstituted and aromatic or heteroaromatic radical and X=chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, with carbon monoxide and water, ammonia, alcohols or amines in the presence of bases and zero-valent or divalent palladium compounds and bidentate diphosphanes or complexes of zero-valent or divalent palladium with bidentate diphosphanes, in which use is made of bidentate diphosphanes (R1—)(R2—)P—Y—P(—R3)(—R4) in which R1 to R4=unsubstituted aryl radicals or aryl radicals substituted with at least one radical exhibiting a positive resonance effect or a positive inductive effect, or unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl radicals, and Y=hydrocarbon group with a total of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, in which at least one of the carbon atoms carries only one or no hydrogen atom as substituent; except f

Abstract: A process for isomerizing a saturated hydrocarbon, by performing the isomerization in the presence of a superacidic ionic liquid comprising an organic cation and an inorganic anion, where the anion is a superacidic aluminum trichloride-Lewis base adduct, and of an olefin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 5-isopropyl-3-aminomethyl-2-methyl-1-aminocyclohexane (carvonediamine) and to a process for preparation thereof by a) reacting carvone with hydrogen cyanide, b) then reacting the carvonenitrile obtained in stage a) with ammonia in the presence of an imine formation catalyst and c) then reacting the carvonenitrile imine-containing reaction mixture obtained in stage b) with hydrogen and ammonia over hydrogenation catalysts. The present invention further relates to the use of carvonediamine as a hardener for epoxy resins, as an intermediate in the preparation of diisocyanates, as a starter in the preparation of polyetherols and/or as a monomer for polyamide preparation.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted biphenyls of the formula I where R1=nitro or amino, R2=cyano, halogen, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-haloalkoxy or C1-C4-haloalkylthio, n=from 0 to 3, and R3=hydrogen, cyano or halogen, which comprises reacting a halobenzene of the formula II in which Hal is chlorine or bromine, in the presence of a base and of a palladium catalyst which consists of palladium and a bidentate phosphorus ligand of the formula III where Ar is phenyl which is substituted if desired and R4 and R5 are each C1-C8-alkyl or C3-C6-cycloalkyl or together form a 2- to 7-membered bridge which may, if desired, bear a C1-C6-alkyl substituent, in a solvent or diluent, with a phenylboronic acid IVa a diphenylborinic acid IVb or a mixture of IVa and IVb.

Abstract: Process for preparing polyoxymethylenes by polymerization of the monomers a) in the presence of cationically active initiators b) and, if appropriate in the presence of regulators c) and subsequent deactivation d) and discharge from the reactor, wherein at least one ionic liquid is used as initiator b).

Abstract: A process for preparing organic chlorides in which the chlorine atom is bonded to a CH2 group by reacting the corresponding alcohols with thionyl chloride in the presence of a triaylphosphine oxide at a temperature of from 20 to 200° C. and a pressure of from 0.01 to 10 MPa abs, which comprises using the triarylphosphine oxide in a molar ratio to the amount of OH groups to be chlorinated of from 0.0001 to 0.5.

Abstract: Method for producing tertiary phosphines by reacting a compound of the general formula (I) in which A is R1 or L2, B is R2 or L3, the R1 and R2 radicals are each independently an organic radical having in each case from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, where the R1 and R2 radicals may also be joined together; and the leaving groups L1 to L3 are each independently halogen, alkyloxy having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or aryloxy having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms (a) with an alkali metal in an organic aprotic solvent and (b) a compound of the general formula (II) L4-R3 ??(II) in which the R3 radical is an organic radical having in each case from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and the leaving group L4 is halogen, alkyloxy having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or aryloxy having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, in which the resulting reaction mixture is hydrolyzed with an aqueous base which has a pH of ?10 and the organic phase is removed from the aqueous phase.