Abstract: The present invention provides devices and methods for producing metabolites used to measure the toxicity of chemical compounds. They incorporate enzymatic microsomes and magnetic nanoparticles that magnetically entrap enzymes. These enzyme systems catalyze chemicals to yield measurable metabolic products. The microsomes and the magnetic nanoparticles containing enzymes are associated with macroporous scaffolds and non-reactive components that facilitate the enzyme reactions.

Abstract: The invention provides materials, and in particular, magnetic materials, for the universal immobilization of enzymes and enzyme systems. Described herein are highly magnetic and highly porous composite blends of thermoplastics with magnetic particles to form powders, single-layered, or multiple-layered materials that are used as scaffolds for magnetically immobilized enzymes known as bionanocatalysts (BNCs). Designed objects are produced using 3D printing by sintering composite magnetic powders. In some embodiments, Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is used. The invention provides the use of the material compositions for 3D printing of enzyme supports and flow cells allowing continuous production of, e.g., small molecules.