Abstract: A sliding sleeve (1) of a vehicle transmission synchronization, wherein the tooth flanks (10) of the toothing (2) of the sliding sleeve (1) are surface-treated for enhanced friction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detecting variant cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in a sample obtained from a subject, where analysis of the sample includes a size-selection step which separates out different fragment sizes of DNA. The sample may be a limited volume sample such as a blood, serum or plasma sample of less than 500 ?l (e.g. a blood or plasma sample of about 50 ?l), or other sample that has a low content of cfDNA. The sample may have been stored and/or dried and not have been processed to remove cells or cellular material prior to storage. The size-selection step may comprise filtering-out, depleting or removing genomic DNA (gDNA) fragments of >200 bp, >300 bp, >500 bp, >700 bp, >1000 bp, >1200 bp, >1500 bp, or >2000 bp prior to analysis, e.g. prior to DNA sequencing. The method may further comprise performing an analysis that summarises or combines data across multiple loci.

Abstract: The present invention provides a computer-implemented method for detecting cell-free DNA (cfDNA), such as circulating tumour DNA, in a DNA-containing sample obtained from a patient, the method comprising: (a) providing loci of interest comprising at least 2 mutation-containing loci representative of a tumour of the patient (“patient-specific loci”); (b) providing sequence data comprising sequence reads of a plurality of polynucleotide fragments from a DNA-containing sample from the patient, wherein said sequence reads span said at least 2 mutation-containing loci of step (a); (c) optionally, performing reads collapsing to group the sequence reads into read families; (d) calculating the mutant allele fraction across some or all of said at least 2 patient-specific loci, optionally wherein the mutant allele fraction is calculated by aggregating mutant reads and total reads; (e) classifying the sample as containing or not containing the target cfDNA based on the calculated mutant allele fraction.