Abstract: A sensing apparatus for detecting a predetermined type of physical information which changes in accordance with an external factor, such as an operation force from the outside or the like, includes a camera, an attachment which includes a subject which changes a state thereof in accordance with the external factor, and a CPU which detects the physical information described above based on image data from the camera. For example, as the subject, a globe is provided which is arranged on a concave surface. Tilting of a case fitted with the attachment causes the globe to move on the surface. The CPU, from the image data, analyzes the position of the globe and detects the inclination of the case.

Abstract: An apparatus for recording and reproducing a digital data signal carrying digital information at each periodically appearing reference "P1" phase includes a detector for detecting and producing a phase data signal at each sampling point. Two subsequently sampled phase data are stored in latches for use of the digital data signal by three signal comparators. The first comparator compares the first sampled phase data signal and the second sampled phase data signal. The second comparator compares the first sampled phase data signal with a predetermined value, and the third comparator compares the second sampled phase data signal with the same predetermined value. Utilizing the outputs of the three comparators, a phase condition detector detects whether or not a reference phase is contained between two subsequent sampling points. A detection pulse generator is provided which generates a data detection pulse when the phase condition detector detects the reference phase.

Abstract: A wave shaping circuit includes a digital sampling circuit for sampling an input signal and producing a digital signal. The sampled signal is detected by a sign detector for detecting whether it is positive or negative. A unit difference generator is provided for generating a unit difference which is equal to a difference increased, during one sampling cycle, in a positive or negative direction as detected by the sign detector. A register is provided for storing a summed difference obtained in the previous sampling cycle. The summed difference is multiplied by a predetermined coefficient which is between 0 and 1 so that the product changes exponentially. A first adder is provided for adding the summed difference multiplied by the coefficient with the unit difference. The added result is stored in the register. A second adder is provided for adding the sampled input signal with the summed signal stored in the register, and producing a corrected signal.

Abstract: A display device includes a combined dynamic scattering mode and twisted nematic mode cell structure including at least one first display electrode oriented in a first direction and a plurality of second display electrodes in a second direction. The plurality of second display electrodes oriented are supplied with a plurality of scanning signals of sequentially shifted phases with polarity inverted at a predetermined interval of time, whereas the first electrode is supplied with frame signals indicative of information to be displayed and having polarity inverted at the predetermined interval. In order to minimize variations in the threshold level of the display device, a plurality of pulse signals having a pulse width shorter than the pulse width of said scanning signals are added to the frame signals.