Abstract: A charging device including an electron discharging device for forming a latent electrostatic image on an image bearing member and containing an sp3 bonding material and an electroconductive portion.

Abstract: A charging device including an electron discharging device for forming a latent electrostatic image on an image bearing member and containing an sp3 bonding material and an electroconductive portion.

Abstract: A polyester film for forming which is excellent in formability especially at low temperatures and low pressures and in solvent resistance and heat resistance and is reduced in environmental burden. The polyester film for forming is a biaxially oriented polyester film comprising a copolyester as a component, and is characterize in that (1) the stress at 100% elongation of the film in each of the machine direction and the transverse direction is 10 to 1,000 MPa at 25° C. and is 1 to 100 MPa at 100° C.; (2) the storage viscoelasticity (E?) of the film in each of the machine direction and the transverse direction is 10 to 1,000 MPa at 100° C. and is 5 to 40 MPa at 180° C.; and (3) the degree of heat distortion (initial load, 49 mN) of the film in the machine direction is ?3% to +3% at 175° C.

Abstract: A polyester film for forming which is excellent in formability especially at low temperatures and low pressures and in solvent resistance and heat resistance and is reduced in environmental burden. The polyester film for forming is a biaxially oriented polyester film comprising a copolyester as a component, and is characterize in that (1) the stress at 100% elongation of the film in each of the machine direction and the transverse direction is 10 to 1,000 MPa at 25° C. and is 1 to 100 MPa at 100° C.; (2) the storage viscoelasticity (E?) of the film in each of the machine direction and the transverse direction is 10 to 1,000 MPa at 100° C. and is 5 to 40 MPa at 180° C.; and (3) the degree of heat distortion (initial load, 49 mN) of the film in the machine direction is ?3% to +3% at 175° C.

Abstract: An optical coating film in accordance with the present invention makes it possible to prevent the generation of scratches having a size of a specific size or more, thus, since it becomes possible to reduce optical defects caused by the scratches, the optical coating film is suitably applicable to a base film for a prism sheet, an anti-reflection sheet and a hard coating film used for liquid crystal display, a base film for a near infrared ray absorbing film used for a front panel of a plasma display, a base film for a transparent conductive film used for touch panels and electro-luminescence or an anti-destruction film for cathode ray tube.

Abstract: An optical coating film in accordance with the present invention makes it possible to prevent the generation of scratches having a size of a specific size or more, thus, since it becomes possible to reduce optical defects caused by the scratches, the optical coating film is suitably applicable to a base film for a prism sheet, an anti-reflection sheet and a hard coating film used for liquid crystal display, a base film for a near infrared ray absorbing film used for a front panel of a plasma display, a base film for a transparent conductive film used for touch panels and electro-luminescence or an anti-destruction film for cathode ray tube.

Abstract: An aliphatic polyester film comprising, as a main component, a polylactic acid having a reduced viscosity (&eegr;sp/C) of not less than 0.50 dl/g and not more than 2.50 dl/g, wherein the film has a thermal shrinkage in the longitudinal direction at 120° C. of not more than 5.0% is provided. The aliphatic polyester film of the present invention is provided which is useful as a packaging film and an adhesive tape, superior in hand tearability, twist retention, processability and film forming property, and which is biodegradable when placed in a natural environment.

Abstract: A void-containing composite film including (A) a polyester base layer containing voids composed mainly of a polymer mixture of a polyester and a thermoplastic resin which is not compatible with the polyester and is selected from the group of polystyrene resins, polyolefin resins, polyacrylic resins, polycarbonate resins, polysulfone resins, cellulose resins, polysiloxane resins and silicone resins, and (B) at least one outer surface layer composed mainly of polyethylene terephthalate and formed on at least one side of the polyester base layer (A), the polyester base layer (A) and the at least one outer surface layer (B) being formed into a composite film by co-extrusion, followed by orientation in at least one direction, the void percentage of a surface portion having 3 .mu.

Abstract: A void-containing polyester-type film is obtained by drawing a resin composition sheet consisting of a polyester, and a thermoplastic resin which is not compatible with the polyester in at least one direction. The film of this invention has a film base material consisting mainly of the polyester, fine particles consisting mainly of the thermoplastic resin which are dispersed into the film base material, and fine voids formed around the fine particles. The film of this invention has a surface layer having 3 .mu.m or more thickness, a void percentage of 4% by volume or less in an area having 3 .mu.m thickness from its surface, and an average void percentage of 8% by volume to 50% by volume.The film of this invention has excellent softeness, lightness, and hiding power, and excellent surface strength. The film can be used as a base material for a label, etc.