Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a C heavy oil composition which unlikely forms sludge, has excellent ignitability and combustibility, and enable the stable operation of a combustion device such as an external combustion device, a diesel device, and a gas turbine device. The method of the present invention is comprises method for producing a C heavy oil composition with a bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of 10 percent by volume or more and 45 percent by volume or less, comprising blending a cracked reformed base oil with a total aromatic content of 80 percent by volume or more and a 15° C. density of 0.90 to 1.20 g/cm3 in an amount of 1 percent by volume or more and 45 percent by volume or less on the basis of the total mass of the composition.

Abstract: Fuel additives comprise a compound having a group represented by the formula >C═=N—  (1). Also disclosed are fuel compositions containing such additives. The additives have a superior detergent effect to conventional gasoline detergents and an excellent detergency of the injection nozzles of a diesel engine and is free from being sludge.

Abstract: Gasoline additives of the present invention comprise nitrogen-containing compounds obtained by hydrolyzing a polyoxyalkylene glycol derivative resulting from polymerization of an epoxy compound using a suitable ketimine compound as a reaction initiator or by modifying the terminal ends of a polybutene compound with amine. Blending the inventive gasoline additive to a base gasoline can produce a gasoline composition which is suitable for use in direct injection gasoline engine.

Abstract: Fuel additives comprise a compound having a group represented by the formula

Abstract: A fuel additive which comprises a compound selected from a novel amine, oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds having selected structures. The inventive additive when blended with a gasoline serves to suppress sludge or deposits in fuel intake systems or combustion chambers for example of an automobile engine.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising a lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer uniformly dissolved in a cyclic ketone solvent or a mixed solvent of a cyclic ketone solvent and at least one electrically insulating solvent selected from a hydrocarbon-based oil, an ester-based oil, and an ether-based oil.

Abstract: A homogeneous electro rheological fluid is provided. The fluid comprises a lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer dissolved in a solvent in low concentrations in a manner in which the fluid does not exhibit a liquid crystalline state. According to the homogeneous electro rheological fluid of the present invention, the problem associated with the precipitation of particles can be circumvented. Moreover, the electro rheological fluid can provide a large difference in torque before and after the application of an electric field; therefore, exhibits good electro rheological properties.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid and acid, iodine or alcohol-treated, or iodine-treated and subsequently electrically insulating film-coated, dispersible carbonaceous particles dispersed therein has a high electrorheological effect even without lowering in a high temperature region, though it is a water-free system.

Abstract: A homogeneous electro rheological fluid of the invention comprises a poly(.alpha.-amino acid) or a poly(.gamma.-glutamate), and an electric insulating liquid in a specific amount to. To provide a homogeneous electro rheological fluid of good stability, with long lasting and consistent performance in the presence of a trace of water. The fluid also exerts a good electro rheological effect wherein a hydrocarbon oil or an ester-type oil is used as an electric insulating liquid.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid and acid, iodine or alcohol-treated, or iodine-treated and subsequently electrically insulating film-coated, dispersible carbonaceous particles dispersed therein has a high electrorheological effect even without lowering in a high temperature region, though it is a water-free system.

Abstract: A homogeneous electro rheological fluid is provided. The fluid comprises a lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer dissolved in a solvent in low concentrations in a manner in which the fluid does not exhibit a liquid crystalline state. According to the homogeneous electro rheological fluid of the present invention, the problem associated with the precipitation of particles can be circumvented. Moreover, the electro rheological fluid can provide a large difference in torque before and after the application of an electric field; therefore, exhibits good electro theological properties. The electro rheological fluid according to the present invention can be used in making engine mounts, damping apparatuses, clutches, torque converters, braking systems, valves, dampers, suspensions, actuators, vibrators, ink jet printers, and the like.

Abstract: Dispersion particles for a fluid having magnetic and electrorheological effects simultaneously, which comprise conductive ferromagnetic particles whose surfaces are coated with an electrically insulating layer and a fluid used the same. The present fluid has a larger torque induced upon application of both a magnetic field and an electric field than that in a fluid having only magnetic or electrorheological effects and higher response speed than that in a fluid having only magnetic. Furthermore, in the present fluid current difficultly passes.

Abstract: A fluid having both magnetic and electrorheological effects contains electroconductive ferromagnetic particles, the surfaces of which are coated with a particular electrically insulating layer having a critical thickness and electrical resistance, dispersed in an electrically non-conductive solvent.