Abstract: An ocular optical characteristic measuring apparatus measures light intensity distribution in a target image projected on the fundus of an eye and determines the ocular optical characteristic of the eye on the basis of the light intensity distribution. A light-projecting optical system projects light emitted by a light source on the eye to form a target image on the fundus of the eye, a light-receiving optical system focuses reflected light reflected by the fundus to form a target image on a photoelectric device. An arithmetic unit determines a light intensity distribution in the target image formed on the photoelectric device on the basis of an image signal provided by the photoelectric device and estimates the optical characteristic of the eye from the light intensity distribution in the target image.

Abstract: An ocular optical characteristic measuring apparatus measures light intensity distribution in a target image projected on the fundus of an eye and determines the ocular optical characteristic of the eye on the basis of the light intensity distribution. A light-projecting optical system projects light emitted by a light source on the eye to form a target image on the fundus of the eye, a light-receiving optical system focuses reflected light reflected by the fundus to form a target image on a photoelectric device. An arithmetic unit determines a light intensity distribution in the target image formed on the photoelectric device on the basis of an image signal provided by the photoelectric device and estimates the optical characteristic of the eye from the light intensity distribution in the target image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a card edge electrical connector which makes it possible to achieve reliable grounding of a daughter board to a mother board via latch members thereof. Card edge connector (1) is equipped with an insulating housing (10), which is to be attached to a mother board (50) and which has a daughter board-accommodating recess (11) that extends in the direction of length thereof, and metal latch members (30), which are disposed in the vicinity of end portions of the housing (10) with respect to the direction of length of the housing and which hold a daughter board (60) at a second angle when the daughter board (60) is rotated to the second angle after being inserted into the daughter board-accommodating recess (11) at a first angle. The latch members (30) are connected to a ground path of the mother board (50).

Abstract: A card edge connector 1 capable of effectively restraining a daughter board B from inadvertent removal in the horizontal direction by increasing the holding pressure of the daughter board B. The card edge connector 1 has an insulated housing 10 mounted onto the mother board A and latch members 30A, 30B attached to the housing 10, for holding the daughter board B. The latch members 30A, 30B have a daughter board locking portion 47a for restraining the daughter board B in the horizontal direction. The locking portion engages the inner wall of the semicircular recess B1 formed at the edge portion of the daughter board B. The daughter board locking portion 47a has a pointed edge portion 47c for penetrating the inner wall of the semicircular recess B1.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus which detects light quantity distribution characteristics of a measuring target image projected to a fundus of an eye to be inspected and measures eye optical characteristics from the light quantity distribution characteristics. A projecting optical system has a light source and projects a measurement target to a fundus of an eye to be inspected by bundle of rays emitted from the light source, and a light receiving optical system condenses the bundle of rays reflected from the fundus of the eye. A photoelectric detector detects light quantity distribution characteristics of an image formed by the light receiving optical system, and an arithmetic unit measures eye optical characteristics of the eye based on a signal output from the photoelectric detector. A deflecting optical member for deflecting bundle of rays incident into both optical paths of the projecting optical system and the light receiving optical system is arranged so as to rotatable.

Abstract: An eye's optical characteristic measuring system, comprising an index projection system 2 for projecting an index image on a fundus of an eye under testing, a photodetection optical system 3 for guiding the index image toward a photoelectric detector, a simulation image calculating unit 28 for calculating each of images of target images formed when a plurality of target images different in size are respectively projected on the fundus of the eye under testing based on a light amount intensity distribution of the index image detected on the photoelectric detector, and a visual acuity calculating unit 28 for calculating a visual acuity value of the eye under testing, wherein the simulation image calculating unit calculates light amount intensity distributions in each of predetermined meridian directions of the images of the target images, and the visual acuity calculating unit detects a plurality of light amount intensity distribution values based on the light amount intensity distributions and calculates the v

Abstract: The eye's optical characteristic measuring system of the present invention comprises a projection system 2 for projecting a primary index image on fundus of an eye under testing, a photodetection system 3 for forming a secondary index image on a photoelectric detector 21 from a reflection light beam of the primary index image, detection systems 26, 27 and 28 for measuring a light amount intensity distribution characteristic of the secondary index image based on a signal from the photoelectric detector, a correction optical system 12 arranged in an optical path shared in common with the photodetection system and the detection system and for focusing the primary index image on the fundus of the eye under testing in corrected condition according to ocular refractive characteristic of the eye under testing, and a light beam switching means 13 for switching over to a first condition to guide the reflection light beam including the scattering reflection light beam from the fundus of the eye under testing to the pho

Abstract: An eye's optical characteristic measuring system comprises an aperture diaphragm 14 arranged at a position approximately conjugate to a pupil of an eye 1 under testing and for determining regions to pass a light beam on the pupil 18, a projection optical system 2 for projecting a primary index image on a fundus of the eye under testing via the aperture diaphragm, a photodetection optical system 3 for forming a secondary index image on a photoelectric detector 21 via the aperture diaphragm by a reflected light beam from the fundus of the eye under testing, and detecting units 26, 27 and 28 for detecting a light amount intensity distribution of the secondary index image based on a signal from the photoelectric detector.

Abstract: The male connector 1 has a metal shielding shell 4 that accommodates a housing 2 and a synthetic resin enclosure 8 that covers approximately the rear half of this shielding shell 4. Fastening parts 40 and protruding parts 42 are formed by stamping in the upper-side shell half-body 4a. A metal latching arm 44 which is formed with the approximate shape of a shallow inverted V, and which has an engaging part 54, is disposed between these fastening parts 40 and protruding parts 42. The latching arm 44 can be pressed by means of a finger-catch part 68. This configuration obtains the desired shielding performance while maintaining a compact size in a shielded electrical connector assembly.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an ophthalmologic characteristic measuring apparatus for precisely measuring optical characteristics of the eye to be examined and allowing the examiner to readily understand how an optotype is seen by the eye.

Abstract: A method of producing a difluorobenzyl ether derivative (6) in which a benzene derivative (1) is reacted with a base to form carbanion which is in turn reacted with a difluoromethane derivative (2) to give a benzene derivative (3) which is further reacted with a phenol derivative (5) in the presence of a base.

Abstract: A method of detecting deficiency of an aperture used in a charged-particle-beam exposure process employing at least two exposure columns is disclosed, where each of the two exposure columns passes a charged-particle beam through the aperture formed through a mask to shape a cross section of the charged-particle beam before exposing the charged-particle beam onto an object. The method includes the steps of mounting masks having the same aperture to the at least two exposure columns; scanning, in each of the at least two exposure columns, the charged-particle beam over an area containing a mark on a surface substantially at the same height as the object after passing the charged-particle beam through the same aperture; obtaining, in each of the at least two exposure columns, a signal waveform corresponding to the scan by detecting charged particles scattered by the mark; and comparing the signal waveform between the at least two exposure columns.

Abstract: A noncontact laser microsurgical apparatus and method for marking a cornea of a patient's or donor's eye in transplanting surgery or keratoplasty, and in incising or excising the corneal tissue in keratotomy, and for tissue welding and for thermokeratoplasty. The noncontact laser microsurgical apparatus comprises a laser source and a projection optical system for converting laser beams emitted from the laser source into coaxially distributed beam spots on the cornea. The apparatus further includes a multiple-facet prismatic axicon lens system movably mounted for varying the distribution of the beam spots on the cornea. In a further embodiment of the method of the present invention, an adjustable mask pattern is inserted in the optical path of the laser source to selectively block certain portions of the laser beams to thereby impinge only selected areas of the cornea.

Abstract: A compound expressed by the general formula (1): wherein R1 denotes an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which one or more methylene groups in said group may be replaced by oxygen atoms or —CH═CH— and one or more hydrogen atoms in said group may be replaced by flourine or chlorine atoms, with the proviso that two or more methylene groups may not be continuously replaced by oxygen atoms, Y1 denotes an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a fluorine atom and one or more hydrogen atoms may be further replaced by chlorine atoms, Z1, Z2 and Z3 each independently denote a covalent bond, —CH2CH2—, —CH═CH—, —COO— or —CF2)—, with the proviso that at least one of Z1, Z2 and Z3 is —COO— or —CF2O—, rings A1, A2, A3 and A4 each independently denote trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 3-cyclohexen-1,4-ylene, 3-fluoro-3-cyclohexen-1,4-ylene, pyrimidine-2

Abstract: The present invention provides a card edge electrical connector which makes it possible to achieve reliable grounding of a daughter board to a mother board via latch members thereof. Card edge connector (1) is equipped with an insulating housing (10), which is to be attached to a mother board (50) and which has a daughter board-accommodating recess (11) that extends in the direction of length thereof, and metal latch members (30), which are disposed in the vicinity of end portions of the housing (10) with respect to the direction of length of the housing and which hold a daughter board (60) at a second angle when the daughter board (60) is rotated to the second angle after being inserted into the daughter board-accommodating recess (11) at a first angle. The latch members (30) are connected to a ground path of the mother board (50).

Abstract: A method of detecting deficiency of an aperture used in a charged-particle-beam exposure process employing at least two exposure columns is disclosed, where each of the two exposure columns passes a charged-particle beam through the aperture formed through a mask to shape a cross section of the charged-particle beam before exposing the charged-particle beam onto an object. The method includes the steps of mounting masks having the same aperture to the at least two exposure columns; scanning, in each of the at least two exposure columns, the charged-particle beam over an area containing a mark on a surface substantially at the same height as the object after passing the charged-particle beam through the same aperture; obtaining, in each of the at least two exposure columns, a signal waveform corresponding to the scan by detecting charged particles scattered by the mark; and comparing the signal waveform between the at least two exposure columns.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical characteristic measuring apparatus for precisely measuring optical characteristics of an eye to be examined by projecting a specific pattern on the retina of the eye. In particular, the measuring apparatus is capable of measuring an irregular astigmatism component. In this apparatus, an illuminating optical system illuminates the retina of an eye to be examined via an illuminating state changing unit capable of changing an illuminating state created by light rays emitted from the light source; a light receiving optical system receives light rays reflected back from the retina of the eye and guides the reflected light rays to a light receiving unit; and an optical characteristic arithmetic unit determines optical characteristics of the eye on the basis of a signal outputted from the light receiving unit.

Abstract: A compound expressed by the general formula (1): whereinR.sup.1 denotes an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which one or more methylene groups in said group may be replaced by oxygen atoms or --CH.dbd.CH-- and one or more hydrogen atoms in said group may be replaced by fluorine or chlorine atoms, with the proviso that two or more methylene groups may not be continuously replaced by oxygen atoms;Y.sup.1 denotes a halogen atom, CN, CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2 or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a fluorine atom and one or more hydrogen atoms may be further replaced by chlorine atoms;Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 each independently denote a covalent bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH-- or CF.sub.2 O--, with the proviso that at least one of Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, and Z.sup.3 is --CF.sub.2 O--;rings A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal composition in particular with a low threshold voltage and a wide range of nematic phase temperature (with high TNI point and low TC), while satisfying various properties required for liquid crystal compositions for active matrix type liquid crystal display elements. The composition contains, for example, compounds represented by general formulas (1-1) and (2-1): ##STR1## where each R.sub.1 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; X.sub.1 represents H or F; and each X.sub.2 independently represents F, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, or OCF.sub.2 H.

Abstract: A noncontact laser microsurgical apparatus and method for marking a cornea of a patient's or donor's eye in transplanting surgery or keratoplasty, and in incising or excising the corneal tissue in keratotomy, and for tissue welding during thermokeratoplasty. The noncontact laser microsurgical apparatus comprises a laser source and a projection optical system for converting laser beams emitted from the laser source into coaxially distributed beam spots on the cornea. The apparatus further includes a multiple-facet prismatic axicon lens system movably mounted for varying the distribution of the beam spots on the cornea. In a further embodiment of the method of the present invention, an adjustable mask pattern is inserted in the optical path of the laser source to selectively block certain portions of the laser beams to thereby impinge only selected areas of the cornea.