Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is disclosed, which contains as a charge control agent a trivalent chromium salt of salicylic acid or a derivative thereof represented by the general formula: wherein R1, R2 and R3 each represents a hydrogen atom, a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl group or, when taken together. R1 and R2 or R2 and R3 form a fused ring optionally having a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl group, and n represents 0, 1 or 2. The trivalent chromium salts are formed by adding an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of salicylic acid or a derivative thereof having a pH of 6.5 to less than 7.0 to an aqueous solution of a chromium (III) halide having a pH of 3.0 to 5.8.

Abstract: Urethane-modified polyester resin which has a total acid value not greater than 10 KOH mg/g and is obtained by kneading, in a molten state, a base polyester resin (A) having an acid value of 5 to 20 KOH mg/g and a hydroxyl value of 40 to 70 KOH mg/g, a low-molecular-weight polyester resin (B) having an acid value not greater than 5 KOH mg/g, a hydroxyl value not greater than 10 KOH mg/g and a weight-average molecular weight of 3,000 to 5,000 and a polyisocyanate compound, wherein components (A) and (B) are at a weight ratio of 3 to 5:7 to 5 and the polyisocyanate compound is in an amount of 0.2 to 1.2 equivalent, in terms of an isocyanate group per equivalent, of the total hydroxyl groups of all the resins.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic image developing toner having good charge properties, low-temperature fixing properties, offset resistance and blocking resistance as well as good resistance against sticking to a heated roll and wax dispersibility and a novel urethane-modified polyester resin used for the toner.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is disclosed, which contains as a charge control agent a trivalent chromium salt of salicylic acid or a derivative thereof represented by the following general formula; 1

Abstract: Urethane modified polyester resin which has a total acid value not greater than 10 KOH mg/g and has been obtained by kneading, in a molten state, a base polyester resin (A) having an acid value of 5 to 20 KOH mg/g and a hydroxyl value of 40 to 70 KOH mg/g, a low-molecular-weight polyester resin (B) having an acid value not greater than 5 KOH mg/g, a hydroxyl value not greater than 10 KOH mg/g and a weight-average molecular weight of 3,000 to 5,000 and a polyisocyanate compound, by using the components (A) and (B) at a weight ratio of 3 to 5:7 to 5 and the polyisocyanate compound in an amount of 0.2 to 1.2 equivalent, in terms of an isocyanate group per equivalent, of the total hydroxyl groups of all the resins. This novel urethane-modified polyester resin (C) is used as a binder resin for the toner. For the preparation of the toner, the resin is mixed and kneaded with a colorant, magnetic powders, charge control agent and the like under a molten state, followed by cooling and pulverization.

Abstract: A dry toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is disclosed, which contains as a charge control agent a trivalent chromium salt of salicylic acid or a derivative thereof represented by the general formula; wherein R1, R2 and R3 each represents a hydrogen atom, a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl group or, when taken together, R1 and R2 or R2 and R3 form a fused ring optionally having a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl group, and n represents 0, 1 or 2. The trivalent chromium salts are formed by adding an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of salicylic acid or a derivative thereof having a pH of 6.5 to less than 7.0 to an aqueous solution of a chromium (III) halide having a pH of 3.0 to 5.8.

Abstract: A navigation system for an automotive vehicle includes a map data storage unit. The storage unit stores first known target points and adjoining target points preselected for each of the first target points from the first target points. The storage unit further stores a first data group associated with each of the first target points. Each of the first data groups includes a second data group corresponding to each of the adjoining target points of the corresponding first target point. Each of the second data groups includes an abstract configuration of the corresponding first target point and a travel information required at the corresponding first target point for going to the corresponding adjoining target point. The system selects second target points from the first target points to define a vehicle travel route. The system further selects one of the second data groups based on third and fourth target points selected from the second target points.

Abstract: A system for measuring a traveling direction of a vehicle includes a geomagnetic sensor and a gyro sensor. The system utilizes first and second indices for deriving the vehicle traveling direction. The first index is indicative of a disturbance of the geomagnetic field on a short distance basis, and the second index is indicative of a disturbance of the geomagnetic field on a long distance basis. The system varies a rate of dependence upon the geomagnetic sensor and the gyro sensor based on values of the first and second indices when calculating the vehicle traveling direction.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring a position of a moving object such as a vehicle using a hybrid-type navigation apparatus. In the system and method, at least two measurement results of an electromagnetic wave position measuring apparatus (such as a GPS position measuring apparatus) are evaluated to determine whether they are reliable with respect to the those derived by an integration calculation position measuring apparatus incorporated in the system together with the electromagnetic wave position measuring apparatus on the basis of the corresponding measurement results by means of the integration calculation position measuring apparatus. When they are determined to be highly reliable, a measurement result of the electromagnetic wave position measuring apparatus subsequent to those evaluated is set to a reference position on the basis of which the integration calculation position measuring apparatus measures the position of the moving object.