Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus for amplifying and relaying a wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signal includes (1) a variation-detecting unit which detects varying speed of input power of the wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signal and compares the varying speed with a set value, (2) an optical amplifying unit which amplifies the wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signal at a fixed amount of amplification, (3) a variable optical attenuating unit which variably attenuates the wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signal, (4) and a controlling unit which controls attenuation amount of the variable optical attenuating unit in accordance with the varying speed.

Abstract: A switching power supply unit of the present invention a timing generating circuit (121) which receives a first control signal formed by a rectifier-transistor driving circuit (104), forms a second control signal based on the first control signal, and supplies the second control signal to a control electrode of the rectifier transistor (113). The first control signal is synchronized with the switching operation of a half-bridge circuit (102), and the second control signal exceeds a threshold voltage of a rectifier transistor (113) at a timing substantially equal to the timing that one edge of the first control signal is generated and falls below the threshold voltage of the rectifier transistor (113) at a timing earlier by predetermined time than the timing that the other edge of the first control signal is generated.

Abstract: A switching power supply unit of the present invention a timing generating circuit (121) which receives a first control signal formed by a rectifier-transistor driving circuit (104), forms a second control signal based on the first control signal, and supplies the second control signal to a control electrode of the rectifier transistor (113).

Abstract: A rectifying circuit having a pair of input terminals at which voltage having an AC waveform appears, a plurality of first rectifying elements 41, a plurality of second rectifying elements 42, a first wiring pattern 71 for connecting one of the paired input terminals to the plurality of first rectifying elements 41, and a second wiring pattern 72 for connecting the other of the paired input terminals to the plurality of second rectifying elements 42. In the rectifying circuit, the plurality of first rectifying elements 41 and the plurality of second rectifying elements 42 are laid out so that at least two boundaries between the first and second rectifying elements adjacent to each other are present. With such a layout of the rectifying elements, current flow paths between one of the input terminals and the plurality of first rectifying elements 41 and current flow paths between the other of the input terminals and the plurality of second rectifying elements 42, are closely disposed.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and biomimetic catalysts, such as silicateins and block copolypeptides, used to catalyze and spatially direct the polycondensation of silicon alkoxides, metal alkoxides, and their organic conjugates to make silica, polysiloxanes, polymetallo-oxanes, and mixed poly(silicon/metalklo)oxane materials under environmentally benign conditions.

Abstract: A switching power supply unit of the present invention a timing generating circuit (121) which receives a first control signal formed by a rectifier-transistor driving circuit (104), forms a second control signal based on the first control signal, and supplies the second control signal to a control electrode of the rectifier transistor (113). The first control signal is synchronized with the switching operation of a half-bridge circuit (102), and the second control signal exceeds a threshold voltage of a rectifier transistor (113) at a timing substantially equal to the timing that one edge of the first control signal is generated and falls below the threshold voltage of the rectifier transistor (113) at a timing earlier by predetermined time than the timing that the other edge of the first control signal is generated.

Abstract: A switching power supply unit includes: a switch circuit equipped with a first transistor, the switch circuit converting a DC input into an AC; a transformer for transforming the AC; an output rectifier equipped with a second transistor serially connected to the transformer and a third transistor connected in parallel to the transformer, the output rectifier rectifying the output of the transformer; and a control circuit for controlling ON/OFF of the first to third transistors. The control circuit turns ON the second transistor before turning ON the third transistor and turning ON the first transistor.

Abstract: A rectifying circuit having a pair of input terminals at which voltage having an AC waveform appears, a plurality of first rectifying elements 41, a plurality of second rectifying elements 42, a first wiring pattern 71 for connecting one of the paired input terminals to the plurality of first rectifying elements 41, and a second wiring pattern 72 for connecting the other of the paired input terminals to the plurality of second rectifying elements 42. In the rectifying circuit, the plurality of first rectifying elements 41 and the plurality of second rectifying elements 42 are laid out so that at least two boundaries between the first and second rectifying elements adjacent to each other are present. With such a layout of the rectifying elements, current flow paths between one of the input terminals and the plurality of first rectifying elements 41 and current flow paths between the other of the input terminals and the plurality of second rectifying elements 42, are closely disposed.

Abstract: A switching power supply unit of the present invention a timing generating circuit (121) which receives a first control signal formed by a rectifier-transistor driving circuit (104), forms a second control signal based on the first control signal, and supplies the second control signal to a control electrode of the rectifier transistor (113).

Abstract: A switching power supply unit includes: a switch circuit equipped with a first transistor, the switch circuit converting a DC input into an AC; a transformer for transforming the AC; an output rectifier equipped with a second transistor serially connected to the transformer and a third transistor connected in parallel to the transformer, the output rectifier rectifying the output of the transformer; and a control circuit for controlling ON/OFF of the first to third transistors. The control circuit turns ON the second transistor before turning ON the third transistor and turning ON the first transistor.

Abstract: A soller slit includes a plurality of metal foils and a plurality of spacers. The spacers are laminated alternatively with the metal foils to support one end portions of the metal foils with a space between adjacent metal foils. The other end portions of the metal foils are opened to be unsupported as a free end. When the soller slit is used in an X-ray apparatus, other X-ray optical components, such as monochromator or a specimen to be analyzed, then the soller slit can be arranged in contact with or in the vicinity of the unsupported end portions of the soller slit. That is, it is possible to unify the soller slit and other X-ray optical components in an assembled state. Therefore, a space dedicated to the soller slit becomes unnecessary. Further, since it is possible to shorten a passage of X-rays correspondingly, attenuation of X-rays to be detected by the X-ray detector can be avoided.

Abstract: A plurality of converter circuits A and B are provided. The converter circuits A and B have circuit structures that are identical to each other. In the converter circuit A, a resonant capacitor 31, a resonant inductor 32 and a primary winding 51 of a transformer 5 are connected in series, with the two ends of the serial circuit thus achieved connected between the connecting point of switching elements 11 and 12 and one end of a source 10. The output ends of output rectifier smoothing circuits 7 and 8 are connected commonly. Resonant circuits 3 and 4 of the converter circuits A and B are connected with each other.

Abstract: A first energy transfer circuit transfers the energy that stores in the transformer while the first switching element is ON, to the output side through an output winding of the transformer during the subsequent OFF period. A second switching element and the output winding of the second energy transfer circuit are connected in a circuit loop that runs through an input terminal, an output terminal, the load, the other output terminal and the other input terminal and transfers energy from the input side to the output side via the output winding when the second switching element is ON. The control circuit controls the ON period and the ON timing of the first switching element and the second switching element. A stable output voltage relative to a wide range of input voltages is obtained and, at the same time, a power factor correction is achieved.

Abstract: A thermal head is suitable for use in electronic equipments such as printers and the like and comprises a partially or entirely trapezoidal partial-glaze layer formed on the top of an insulation substrate at one edge, a resistive film layer formed on the partial-glaze layer a pattern of common and discrete electrodes formed on the resistive film layer on the opposite sides of the partial-glaze layer except the area thereof that corresponds to the top of the partial-glaze layer, and a protective film layer formed to cover the resistive film layer and electrodes. In such a manner, a heating section is provided on the top of the trapezoidal partial-glaze layer. The heating section extends further upwards from the surrounding area. Unnecessary dispersion of pressure to the surrounding area other than the heating section can be avoided to improve the printing efficiency and speed.

Abstract: In a teach-in operation, the working procedure is memorized in an industrial robot in advance of the actual working operation, and the teaching is accomplished by manually guiding the tracing tip of the robot arm along a desired path. The teach-in method comprises the step of attaching, to the end of the arm, the tracing tip having at least a displacement pulse oscillator, which consists of a projector and a phototransistor, and a roller provided with gaps such as holes or slits, the projector and phototransistor being arranged in concentric positions with respect to the respective gaps of the roller so as to form an optical axis between the two optical elements. The tracing tip is then moved along a desired path, so that the location signal of the tracing tip may be obtained by the displacement pulse oscillator, whenever the roller is rotated a certain distance, as a result of the movement of the tracing tip, and such a location signal is memorized in a memory.