Abstract: An optical information recording medium is provided. This medium at least stores information that indicates a maximum recording linear velocity Vh. The medium comprises a substrate having a concentric circular guide groove. This guide grove has land portions and groves portions. At least a phase change type recording layer is formed on the substrate. The recording layer has such a composition and thickness that a dislocation linear velocity V satisfies the relation V?Vh×0.85.

Abstract: A lubricant applying unit includes a lubricant composed of metal salt of fatty acid; an applying member that applies the lubricant on a subject under lubricant application; and a spreading member that forms a thin layer of the lubricant applied on the subject. The spreading member spreads the lubricant in such a manner that a thickness of the thin layer is in a range of 8 nanometers to 12 nanometers.

Abstract: An optical recording medium including a recording layer which includes a reversible phase-change recording material, the recording layer being capable of writing information therein, reading written information therefrom, and rewriting written information by utilizing the reversible phase change of the phase-change recording material, wherein when a recording mark formed in the recording layer is repeatedly read 5000 times, using a continuous wave laser beam having such an intensity Pr that satisfies the condition of 1.1?R?2.0, in which R is ?repeat/?1 as defined in the specification, the optical recording medium satisfies a relationship of d1>dow as defined in the specification. The phase-change recording material, a method of producing the optical recording medium, and a method of writing information in the optical recording medium, reading written information therefrom and rewriting written information therein are proposed.

Abstract: A lubricant applying unit includes a lubricant composed of metal salt of fatty acid; an applying member that applies the lubricant on a subject under lubricant application; and a spreading member that forms a thin layer of the lubricant applied on the subject. The spreading member spreads the lubricant in such a manner that a thickness of the thin layer is in a range of 8 nanometers to 12 nanometers.

Abstract: The invention provides a short-circuit protective circuit for a constant-voltage power-supply circuit. The constant-voltage power-supply circuit can realize a short-circuit protection with a simple circuit configuration in a power-supply circuit provided with a plurality of power-supply lines. A regulator is connected to one of a plurality of power-supply lines, and a constant voltage is outputted from an output terminal of the regulator through an output line. An output voltage from the regulator is inputted to constant-voltage circuits as a reference voltage, and output constant voltages from the constant-voltage circuits are supplied to the other output lines. A voltage detection circuit is connected to the other output lines, wherein if a voltage drop occurs in any output line, a detection signal is outputted to an operation circuit, thereby turning off an output control terminal of the regulator. Accordingly, the output of the regulator is stopped so that all of the output lines are stopped all at once.

Abstract: A lubricant applying unit includes a lubricant composed of metal salt of fatty acid; an applying member that applies the lubricant on a subject under lubricant application; and a spreading member that forms a thin layer of the lubricant applied on the subject. The spreading member spreads the lubricant in such a manner that a thickness of the thin layer is in a range of 8 nanometers to 12 nanometers.

Abstract: An optical recording medium including a recording layer which includes a reversible phase-change recording material, the recording layer being capable of writing information therein, reading written information therefrom, and rewriting written information by utilizing the reversible phase change of the phase-change recording material, wherein when a recording mark formed in the recording layer is repeatedly read 5000 times, using a continuous wave laser beam having such an intensity Pr that satisfies the condition of 1.1?R?2.0, in which R is ?repeat/?1 as defined in the specification, the optical recording medium satisfies a relationship of d1>dow as defined in the specification. The phase-change recording material, a method of producing the optical recording medium, and a method of writing information in the optical recording medium, reading written information therefrom and rewriting written information therein are proposed.

Abstract: To provide electronic equipment equipped with a switching power circuit which oscillates intermittently when an apparatus is OFF, where the apparatus is prevented from failing to start up upon power-on due to intermittent oscillation. A microcomputer 110 judges state of intermittent oscillation based on an oscillation on/off signal received from an oscillation monitoring circuit 17 and indicating the state of intermittent oscillation and starts to supply power to a load 120 according the state of intermittent oscillation rather than in quick response to closure of a power switch 2a.

Abstract: A lubricant applying unit includes a lubricant composed of metal salt of fatty acid; an applying member that applies the lubricant on a subject under lubricant application; and a spreading member that forms a thin layer of the lubricant applied on the subject. The spreading member spreads the lubricant in such a manner that a thickness of the thin layer is in a range of 8 nanometers to 12 nanometers.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a short-circuit protective circuit of a constant-voltage power-supply circuit capable of realizing a short-circuit protection with a simple circuit configuration in a power-supply circuit provided with a plurality of power-supply lines. A regulator is connected to one of a plurality of power-supply lines, and a constant voltage is outputted from an output terminal of the regulator to one output line. An output voltage from the regulator is inputted to constant-voltage circuits as a reference voltage and other output constant voltages are supplied to other output lines. A voltage detection circuit is connected to the other output lines, wherein if there occurs a voltage drop in either output line, a detection signal is outputted to an operation circuit, thereby turning off an output control terminal of the regulator. Accordingly, an output of the regulator is stopped so that the output lines are stopped all at once.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a power controller in the conventional circuit configuration capable of realizing significant reduction of a voltage in a standby state. The power controller comprises a power transformer which is connected to a commercial power via a switching power control circuit, and has first to third output windings at a secondary winding, wherein a reference voltage to be inputted to an error amplifier is an output voltage outputted from the first output winding in a normal mode while it is switched to an output voltage outputted from the third output winding in a standby mode. A significant reduction of a voltage can be realized in a standby mode by switching the reference voltage to the output voltage outputted from the third output winding which is higher than the output voltage outputted from the first output winding.

Abstract: An optical recording medium including a recording layer which includes a reversible phase-change recording material, the recording layer being capable of writing information therein, reading written information therefrom, and rewriting written information by utilizing the reversible phase change of the phase-change recording material, wherein when a recording mark formed in the recording layer is repeatedly read 5000 times, using a continuous wave laser beam having such an intensity Pr that satisfies the condition of 1.1?R?2.0, in which R is ?repeat/?1 as defined in the specification, the optical recording medium satisfies a relationship of d1>dow as defined in the specification. The phase-change recording material, a method of producing the optical recording medium, and a method of writing information in the optical recording medium, reading written information therefrom and rewriting written information therein are proposed.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a power circuit in which a space for providing a circuit to protect the power circuit can be reduced when a short circuit is generated on the secondary side of the transformer of the power circuit, and the size of the circuit can be decreased. A first coil (L1), a second coil (L2) and a third coil (L3) are provided on the primary side of a transformer (25) disposed on a power circuit (35). Moreover, a plurality of coils corresponding to the coils on the primary side is provided on the secondary side of the transformer (25).

Abstract: A phase-change optical information recording medium capable of recording information therein, reproducing recorded information therefrom, rewriting recorded information, and erasing recorded information therefrom, which phase-change optical information recording medium is provided with a recording layer containing therein a phase-change recording material including Ge, Ga, Sb, Te, and one element selected from the group consisting of Mg and Ca, which recording material is capable of performing a reversible phase transition from a noncrystalline phase to a crystalline phase and vice verse with the application of an electromagnetic wave thereto.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a power circuit in which a space for providing a circuit to protect the power circuit can be reduced when a short circuit is generated on the secondary side of the transformer of the power circuit, and the size of the circuit can be decreased. A first coil (L1), a second coil (L2) and a third coil (L3) are provided on the primary side of a transformer (25) disposed on a power circuit (35). Moreover, a plurality of coils corresponding to the coils on the primary side is provided on the secondary side of the transformer (25).

Abstract: A photoreceptor including a support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, optionally an undercoat layer between the support and the photosensitive layer, wherein when a group of data consisting of N samples of the height x(t) (&mgr;m) of a profile at the interface of the support on the side of the photosensitive layer, the interface of the photosensitive layer on the side of the support, and/or the interface of the undercoat layer on the side of the photosensitive layer, measured perpendicular to a horizontal direction of the support, taken at &Dgr;t (&mgr;m) intervals in the horizontal direction, is subjected to Fourier transformation in accordance with a formula as specified in the specification, in a power spectrum obtained by the Fourier transformation, I(S) represented by a formula specified in the specification has a particular value, a method of evaluating the above photoreceptor, a method of producing the photoreceptor, and an image formation apparatus in which the photoreceptor is incorporated a

Abstract: A photoreceptor including a support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, optionally an undercoat layer between the support and the photosensitive layer, wherein when a group of data consisting of N samples of the height x(t)(&mgr;m) of a profile at the interface of the support on the side of the photosensitive layer, the interface of the photosensitive layer on the side of the support, and/or the interface of the undercoat layer on the side of the photosensitive layer, measured perpendicular to a horizontal direction of the support, taken at &Dgr;t(&mgr;m) intervals in the horizontal direction, is subjected to Fourier transformation in accordance with a formula as specified in the specification, in a power spectrum obtained by the Fourier transformation, I(S) represented by a formula specified in the specification has a particular value, a method of evaluating the above photoreceptor, a method of producing the photoreceptor, and an image formation apparatus in which the photoreceptor is incorporated are

Abstract: An optical recording medium including a recording layer which includes a reversible phase-change recording material, the recording layer being capable of writing information therein, reading written information therefrom, and rewriting written information by utilizing the reversible phase change of the phase-change recording material, wherein when a recording mark formed in the recording layer is repeatedly read 5000 times, using a continuous wave laser beam having such an intensity Pr that satisfies the condition of 1.1≦R≦2.0, in which R is &sgr;repeat/&sgr;1 as defined in the specification, the optical recording medium satisfies a relationship of d1>dow as defined in the specification. The phase-change recording material, a method of producing the optical recording medium, and a method of writing information in the optical recording medium, reading written information therefrom and rewriting written information therein are proposed.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including a support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, optionally an undercoat layer between the support and the photosensitive layer, wherein when a group of data consisting of N samples of the height x(t)(&mgr;m) of a profile at the interface of the support on the side of the photosensitive layer, the interface of the photosensitive layer on the side of the support, and/or the interface of the undercoat layer on the side of the photosensitive layer, measured perpendicular to a horizontal direction of the support, taken at &Dgr;t(&mgr;m) intervals in the horizontal direction, is subjected to Fourier transformation in accordance with a formula as specified in the specification, in a power spectrum obtained by the Fourier transformation, I(S) represented by a formula specified in the specification has a particular value, a method of evaluating the above photoreceptor, a method of producing the photoreceptor, and an image formation apparatus in which the photoreceptor is incorporated are

Abstract: An optical information recording medium is provided. This medium at least stores information that indicates a maximum recording linear velocity Vh. The medium comprises a substrate having a concentric circular guide groove. This guide grove has land portions and groves portions. At least a phase change type recording layer is formed on the substrate. The recording layer has such a composition and thickness that a dislocation linear velocity V satisfies the relation V≧Vh×0.85.