Abstract: A pH sensor having an ISFET is provided on a crystalline substrate of silicon with a thin film of aluminum oxide formed to have epitaxial growth with an overlaying thin film of silicon epitaxial grown on the aluminum oxide layer. A source element and a drain element are provided on the silicon film, and a pH responsive film layer is connected to the source and drain. The pH sensor can be accompanied with appropriate circuitry also integrally formed on the same epitaxial SOI substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing an integrated magnetic head assembly for normal operation. The head assembly includes an inductive write element and a MR read element. The method includes a step of applying an external alternating magnetic field to a plurality of magnetic head assemblies which are aligned on a head block and are not yet individually separated from the head block, in a direction perpendicular to an ABS of the head block, and also applying high frequency current to the inductive write element so that alternating leakage magnetic field from the inductive write element is applied to the MR read element, and a step of measuring varying resistance characteristics of the MR read element with respect to the variation of the external alternating magnetic field and to the variation of the alternating leakage magnetic field.

Abstract: A method of measuring temperature by the use of an infrared sensor is capable of measuring temperature with high accuracy without being influenced by thermal drifts due to conditions of the atmosphere and environment before the start of measurement. An infrared sensor is associated with a normally closed shutter. The shutter includes a plurality of openings, such that one starting signal provided to the shutter produces a plurality of output signals from the infrared sensor 6 by a single reciprocating motion of the shutter. The first signal is excluded or averaged with the subsequent signals in calculating temperature.

Abstract: To perform digital processing of cyclical waveform signals that include random noise with high accuracy and high reliability without being practically affected by the noise. This is a waveform signal processor into which cyclical waveform signals are input and which outputs corresponding signals. It samples a cyclical waveform signal a plurality of times and then, based upon the obtained sampling values, it performs a Fourier Transform for all the various cycles. Next, the phase angle of a pre-selected frequency component in the Fourier series is determined based upon the Fourier Transform. Then a sampling point at the same phase for all cycles is specified by using the phase angle as a reference. The average of the sampling values at the same phase is calculated and output.

Abstract: A method of producing a pH-responsive membrane by coating a substrate with an anhydrous coating solution of tantalum alkoxide. In a first preferred embodiment, an anhydrous tantalum alkoxide solution is deposited drop by drop on a surface of an electrode substrate which is rapidly rotating to form a film of tantalum alkoxide. After drying to remove the solvent, the electrode is baked to decompose the tantalum alkoxide, thereby forming a pH-responsive membrane of tantalum pentoxide. The thickness of this membrane can be controlled by altering the speed of substrate rotation and the volume of coating solution deposited thereon. In a second preferred embodiment, an electrode substrate is immersed in an anhydrous coating solution of a tantalum alkoxide followed by pulling the electrode substrate from the solution at a controlled rate to form a tantalum alkoxide film which is then converted to a pH-responsive membrane of tantalum pentoxide by drying and baking.

Abstract: A compact infrared gas analyzer capable of reducing the quantity of heat generated from a radiation source and the effects of temperature on samples is provided. A shutter is provided between the radiation source and the sample cell and/or between the sample cell and a detector with the shutter in a closed position. The shutter is opened and closed during measurement. A resistor comprising a resistance element made of one of RuO.sub.2, W, SnO.sub.2, FeCrAlY, Pt, Pt-Rh and Pt-Pd, formed on an AlN substrate, may be used as the radiation source, with the radiation source and the shutter being interrelatedly controlled.

Abstract: An improved compact ion-concentration measuring apparatus having a removable sample testing module with gelatinized electrodes. The gelatinized portion of the electrodes can be formed with a jelly containing an acrylic polymer with sodium.

Abstract: A thin film made of a sol solution of noble metal alcoxides is formed on a substrate and then dried and baked in a reductive or oxidative atmosphere to produce a thin film of metals or metal oxides. The solution of noble metal alcoxides may contain merely a single component or a plurality of components. In addition, a solution of metal alcoxides with noble metal alcoxides as main components or additives may be used in place of the solution of noble metal alcoxides. The thin film of metals or metal oxides can be formed in a single layer or a plurality of layers on a substrate to improve, for example, the response of a sensor.

Abstract: A removable gelatinized calibration member is provided for use in storing or calibrating an ion concentration measuring device having measuring electrodes located in a concave measuring portion. The gelatinized calibration member is provided in the same shape as the concave measuring portion so that it may be removably placed onto the measuring device electrodes. The gelatinized calibration member may be a discrete pad or it may be provided in a rod-like configuration that can be moved in and out of a cylindrical housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for the simultaneous measurement of a plurality of ionic concentrations can utilize a test station having a common support sheet for supporting a plurality of ion selective electrodes, reference electrode and pH responsive electrode. Simultaneous measurements can be taken at the same time from a single sample and the pH reference electrode can validate the operative range of an ion selective electrode.

Abstract: A sheet-type, highly polymerized composite electrode used for measuring ionic concentration includes a thin film ion-selective responsive membrane formed on an upper surface of an insulating support layer by sequentially dripping an ion-selective responsive membrane paste containing solvent onto the support layer. The ion-selective responsive paste has a polymerization degree sufficient to provide an enduring ion-responsive membrane without any reinforcing structure.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized by a solid body disposed so that a remarkably small gap may be formed between it and a surface of an electrode. A super-thin liquid membrane is formed in the small gap by an interfacial tension of a liquid. An object to be measured is applied to or acted upon either the solid body or the super-thin liquid membrane. An electric signal due to the physical properties of the super-thin liquid membrane itself or an electric signal due to a chemical or physical reaction, which is generated on an interface of the solid body and the super-thin liquid membrane and diffused through the super-thin liquid membrane itself, is detected by means of the electrode to measure the physical properties of the object to be measured.

Abstract: A method of measuring an ion-concentration characterized by a sample absorbed in an easily absorbing solution material and the absorbing material is brought into contact with a measuring portion to measure an ion-concentration 10/90 in the sample so that a highly accurate measurement can be achieved even though a quantity of the sample is small. In addition, the desired measurement can be carried out without using any instruments for sampling and needing any complicated pretreatments. A sheet for use in the calibration of an ion-concentration 10/90 measuring device characterized by a calibrating buffer solution absorbed in a chemically stabilized, hygroscopic, water-absorbing sheet eluting no ions and then the water-absorbing sheet is dried.

Abstract: In a sheet type reference electrode having a gelatinized internal solution, a liquid junction surface of the gelatinized internal solution is coated with a hydrophilic porous thin film. Alternatively, a liquid junction member contacts the gelatinized internal solution and is coated with a hydrophilic porous thin film. In either event, the thin film controls the diffusion of ions from the gelatinized internal solution. A liquid junction portion is also provided by impregnating a chemically stabilized, hydrophilic, high molecular porous material with a gelatinized composition which remains wet.

Abstract: In a magnetic disk supporting device of a type that the longitudinal direction of the supporting device extends in the tangential direction of the tracks of a magnetic disk, the direction of float rails on the slider of the magnetic head is the same as the longitudinal direction of the supporting device, and the slider is fixed to the lower surface of a central tongue portion constituting a part of the supporting device at a position that the front end of the slider does not overlap with a lateral frame as a part of the supporting device, whereby stable operation of the magnetic head can be obtained.

Abstract: A flat shaped composite electrode includes a flat substrate having a high electrical insulating property. A flat inside pair of electrodes and a flat outside pair of electrodes are fixed on the substrate. A flat support layer having a high electrical insulating property overlays the electrodes and substrate. The support layer describes two holes into which a gelatinized internal solution is placed. An ion response glass membrane is mounted on the support layer and over one hole, while a liquid junction membrane is similarly mounted over the other hole.

Abstract: A method of measuring an ion-concentration and the like characterized by a sample absorbed in an easily absorbing solution material and the absorbing material is brought into contact with a measuring portion to measure an ion-concentration and the like in the sample so that a highly accurate measurement can be achieved even though a quantity of the sample is small. In addition, the desired measurement can be carried out without using any instruments for sampling and needing any complicated pretreatments. A sheet for use in the calibration of an ion-concentration (and the like) measuring device characterized by a calibrating buffer solution absorbed in a chemically stabilized, hygroscopic, water-absorbing sheet eluting no ions and then the water-absorbing sheet is dried.

Abstract: An improved electrode assembly of a modular configuration for sensing ion concentration includes a substrate mounted in a housing and being sandwiched by a first and second support layer of non-conductive material. A gelantinized solution is positioned in an opening between the first support layer and a substrate, while a second gelatinized solution is positioned in an opening between a second support layer and a substrate. Electric leads and electrodes are appropriately positioned on the substrate for operative contact with the respective gelatinized solutions. An ion-responsive member contacts one gelatinized solution, while an acqueous junction member extends through the respective support layers and substrates to contact another gelatinized solution.

Abstract: A method of removing a lead from a semiconductor tip part is provided by inserting the tip part in a through hole of a substrate. The tip part is equalized in height with substrate by adhering an adhesive tape across the through hole. A gap is left between the tip part and through hole which is filled with an insulative resin. If the substrate already has electrically conductive portions on it, a conductive paste is printed on the substrate between conductive portions and the tip part. If the substrate does not already have them, the conductive portions are formed by the addition of conductive paste on the substrate and which extends to the tip part.

Abstract: A flat shaped composite electrode includes a flat substrate having a high electrical insulating property. A flat inside pair of electrodes and a flat outside pair of electrodes are fixed on the substrate. A flat support layer having a high electrical insulating property overlays the electrodes and substrate. The support layer describes two holes into which a gelatinized internal solution is placed. An ion response glass membrane is mounted on the support layer and over one hole, while a liquid junction membrane is similarly mounted over the other hole.