Abstract: An antiskid braking control system includes a wheel factor estimating means for estimating at least a wheel factor such as a side force of a vehicle front wheel and a front wheel slip angle based upon a vehicle state variable, a grip factor estimating means for estimating a grip factor of at least the vehicle front wheel based upon a change of a aligning torque depending upon the front wheel factor, and a control parameter adjusting means for adjusting a control parameter based upon the grip factor estimated.

Abstract: In a detecting apparatus, a resolver generates signals whose magnitudes vary periodically in accordance with a positional change of a fixed element side rotating shaft, which is a base for rotation of a rotator and whose position is offset when force of a component parallel to a rotation plane is applied thereto, and in accordance with a rotational state of the tire. An R/D converter generates pulses whose periods correspond to a rotational angle of the rotator and to positional offset of the rotating shaft. From the pulses, a computer detects a characteristic amount which varies in accordance with the positional offset of the shaft. On the basis of the detected amount and a relationship which is determined in advance on the basis of stiffness of the shaft and the amount, the computer detects a moment applied to the shaft, and computes a force generated at the tire.

Abstract: A tire-generated sound detection sensor detects a tire-generated sound that is generated from a tire while the vehicle is running. A wheel rotation sensor detects a wheel rotation speed. A preprocessor calculates feature quantities corresponding to a road surface state and tire-generated sound sources. A feature vector generator generates a feature vector having, as components, the feature quantities calculated by the preprocessor and the detected wheel rotation speed. A judgment processor estimates a state of a road surface on which the vehicle is running on the basis of the feature vector generated by the feature vector generator and feature vectors that are stored in a judgment map memory so as to be correlated with a plurality of road surface states, respectively, and each of which corresponds to a road surface state and tire-generated sound sources.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a vehicle motion control apparatus, which includes a steering factor detection unit for detecting at least one of steering factors including a steering torque and steering effort applied to a steering system, an aligning torque estimation unit for estimating an aligning torque produced on at least a wheel of the vehicle on the basis of the steering factor, a vehicle state variable detection unit for detecting a state variable of the vehicle, a wheel factor estimation unit for estimating at least one of wheel factors including a side force and slip angle applied to the wheel on the basis of the vehicle state variable, and a grip factor estimation unit for estimating a grip factor of at least a tire of the wheel, in accordance with the estimated alignment torque and the estimated wheel factor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a wheel grip factor estimation apparatus, which includes a steering factor detection unit for detecting at least one of steering factors including a steering torque and steering effort applied to a steering system extending from a steering wheel to a suspension of a vehicle, an aligning torque estimation unit for estimating an aligning torque produced on at least a wheel of the vehicle on the basis of the steering factor detected by the steering factor detection unit, and a vehicle state variable detection unit for detecting a state variable of the vehicle. The apparatus further includes a wheel factor estimation unit for estimating at least one of wheel factors including a side force and slip angle applied to the wheel on the basis of the vehicle state variable, and a grip factor estimation unit for estimating a grip factor of at least a tire of the wheel, in accordance with a relationship between the estimated alignment torque and the estimated wheel factor.

Abstract: An antiskid braking control system includes a wheel factor estimating means for estimating at least a wheel factor such as a side force of a vehicle front wheel and a front wheel slip angle based upon a vehicle state variable, a grip factor estimating means for estimating a grip factor of at least the vehicle front wheel based upon a change of a aligning torque depending upon the front wheel factor, and a control parameter adjusting means for adjusting a control parameter based upon the grip factor estimated.

Abstract: A tire burst predicting device which can predict occurrence of bursting of a tire and gives an alarm properly is provided.

Abstract: Tire air pressure during high speed travel is estimated without a sensor for detecting the tire air pressure directly. An apparatus is constituted by a wheel speed sensor, road surface friction state estimator for estimating a friction state estimation value representing friction between the tire and a road surface from wheel speed detected by the wheel speed sensor, tire air pressure estimator for estimating any reduction in the tire air pressure based on the friction state estimation value, and a display for displaying the estimated reduction in the tire air pressure.

Abstract: A motor-driven steering controller for controlling a steering wheel of a vehicle. The controller includes a steering torque controlling unit, a braking force estimating unit, a right and left braking force difference estimating unit and an assist steering torque providing unit. The steering torque controlling unit controls a steering torque on the steering wheel depending on a steering operation. The braking force estimating unit estimates braking forces to be imposed on wheels of the vehicle. The right and left braking force difference estimating unit estimates difference between the braking forces to be imposed on the right and left wheels each estimated by the braking forces estimating unit. The assist steering torque providing unit provides an assist steering torque for the steering torque controlling unit on the basis of the difference in braking force between right and left wheels estimated by the right and left braking force difference estimating unit.

Abstract: A physical quantity estimating apparatus and method that detects an acceleration and deceleration rate of a vehicle body and a rotational velocity of a wheel, estimates at least one of a tire radius of each wheel, a road surface &mgr; gradient, and a spring constant of a combination spring which combines spring elements, with a distribution ratio of braking force and driving force to a front and rear wheel and a distribution ratio of a load on each wheel that is corrected according to the detected acceleration and deceleration rate, as known values, based on a wheel speed difference of any two wheels, during acceleration and deceleration of a vehicle, of an ideal vehicle model that takes into consideration a tire torsional spring element and a suspension longitudinal spring element and estimates a tire type based on the estimated road surface &mgr; gradient and spring constant.

Abstract: A wheel speed is detected by a wheel speed detecting device, and a wheel speed signal is outputted to a reference value setting device. At the reference value setting device, the wheel speed signal is corrected such that a center of an amplitude of the wheel speed signal becomes a zero reference, and the wheel speed signal is amplified by carrying out a predetermined processing. Further, a selecting device selects, of the wheel speed signals during a predetermined period of time, wheel speed signals whose S/N ratios are poor, which are not to be used. A frequency detecting device judges a tire air pressure state by an air pressure state judging device from a number of times an amplified wheel speed signal crosses the zero reference (a number of times a sign changes).

Abstract: In a production system of electrolyzed water A, alkaline water and acid water produced in a pair of electrode chambers 12, 23 of an electrolyzer 10 are discharged from discharge conduits 41, 42 through a flow passage changeover valve 50. The discharge conduits 41, 42 are provided at their outlet portions with manually operated faucets 43, 44 and 45, 46. Water flow sensors 81, 82 ate provided to be turned on and off in accordance with the flow of water supplied from a water supply conduit 24.

Abstract: A physical amount estimating apparatus including first outputting means for outputting a first physical amount that does not include a hysteresis characteristic, second outputting means for outputting a second physical amount that has a predetermined physical relationship to the first physical amount and includes a hysteresis characteristic, hysteresis removing means for calculating a corrected value with the hysteresis characteristic removed therefrom based on the second physical amount, and estimating means for estimating a third physical amount based on a physical relationship between the first physical amount and the corrected value.

Abstract: A device for estimating a road friction state in which a friction state of a wheel with respect to a road surface can be estimated accurately. A bandpass filter extracts, from a wheel speed signal detected by a wheel speed detecting unit, a portion of the wheel speed signal in a predetermined range which includes a torsion resonance point at which a frequency is greater than a low frequency regions. A vibration level computing unit computes a vibration level of the wheel speed signal. A road friction state estimating unit estimates the friction state of the wheel with respect to the road surface on the basis of a vibration level computed by the vibration level computing unit and an estimated value of a road &mgr; slope computed by a &mgr; slope computing unit, and on the basis of a relationship between the two determined for each road surface state.

Abstract: A wheel velocity signal for each wheel detected by a wheel velocity sensor is input to a bandpass filter. Signals from frequency bands unrelated to the unsprung resonance are then removed from the wheel velocity signal and only signals from frequency bands related to the unsprung resonance are output. A road surface &mgr; gradient estimation device uses an online identification method to identify an damping ratio of a second order resonance model similar to a suspension—tire resonance model from the signal output from the bandpass filter. The road surface &mgr; gradient is then estimated from the identified damping ratio. The damping ratio of the second order resonance model corresponds to the road surface &mgr; gradient in the following manner: when the damping ratio is identified as being small, the road surface &mgr; gradient is estimated as being large; and when the road surface &mgr; gradient is identified as being large, the damping ratio is estimated as being small.

Abstract: Tire air pressure during high speed travel is estimated without a sensor for detecting the tire air pressure directly. An apparatus is constituted by a wheel speed sensor, road surface friction state estimator for estimating a friction state estimation value representing friction between the tire and a road surface from wheel speed detected by the wheel speed sensor, tire air pressure estimator for estimating any reduction in the tire air pressure based on the friction state estimation value, and a display for displaying the estimated reduction in the tire air pressure.

Abstract: In a production system of electrolyzed water A, alkaline water and acid water produced in electrode chambers 12, 13 of an electrolyzer 10 are discharged through discharge conduits 41, 42 connected to the electrode chambers 12, 13 through a flow passage changeover valve 50. The discharge conduits 41, 42 are provided with manually operated faucets 43, 44 and 45, 46, respectively. When the faucets of either one of the discharge conduits 41 and 42 was opened, the electrolyzed water produced in the electrode chamber communicated with the discharge conduit opened at its faucets is discharged. Simultaneously, a drain valve provided on a drain conduit connected to the discharge conduit opened at its faucets is closed while a drain valve provided on a drain conduit connected to the discharge conduit closed at its faucets is intermittently opened.

Abstract: A vehicle driving condition detection device is adapted to detect a vehicle running along a banked or laterally sloping road, as well as a lateral acceleration, and sideslip angle with good accuracy. The sideslip angle is estimated at a vehicle-body sideslip angle estimating circuit based on a steering angle &dgr;f, a lateral acceleration ÿ, a yaw rate {dot over (&thgr;)}, and a vehicle speed V. In addition, using a differentiating device, the estimated sideslip angle is differentiated to calculate a slip angular velocity. A subtracting device is provided at which a deviation is calculated between the slip angular velocity and a slip angular velocity detected at a slip angular velocity calculating circuit. The deviation can detect a banked or laterally sloping road due to the fact that the detected slip angular velocity at the slip angular velocity calculating circuit includes the gravity acceleration component that depends on the slope or bank of the road.

Abstract: A tire parameter estimation device that is economical and can accurately estimate tire parameters while taking into consideration both states of a vehicle and states of a road environment. A &mgr; gradient detecting circuit detects a &mgr; gradient on the basis of a wheel speed detected by a wheel speed detecting circuit. A gradient value comparing circuit determines a &mgr; gradient section value &mgr;r, which is a mean value of the &mgr; gradients from the &mgr; gradient detecting circuit, and calculates a rate (=&mgr;r/&mgr;I) of the &mgr; gradient mean value &mgr;r with respect to a &mgr; gradient initial value &mgr;. A tire temperature estimating circuit stores a table representing the relation between the rate and a tire temperature, and estimates a tire temperature corresponding to the rate calculated by the gradient value comparing circuit as the present tire temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a road surface condition estimating apparatus including: a converting portion having a table showing a relation among a vehicle speed, a braking force and a resonance gain for each road surface condition and converting a detected value of the input vehicle speed and braking force into a resonance gain on the basis of the table, a subtracting device for computing each of differences between the resonance gain for each road surface condition converted by each of the converting portions and the detected value of the input resonance gain, and a minimum value selecting portion selecting the minimum value among the computed values in the subtracting device and outputting an information of the road surface condition corresponding to the converting portion giving the minimum value.