Abstract: A developing apparatus for developing a substrate having a coating film of a metal-containing resist formed thereon, includes: a heating part configured to support and heat the substrate; a chamber configured to cover the heating part and form a treatment space above the heating part; a gas supplier to which a developing gas containing acid is supplied; and a dispersion mechanism configured to disperse the developing gas supplied to the gas supplier and discharge the developing gas to the treatment space from a plurality of discharge ports formed at positions above the heating part.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes an optical modulator including a first modulator, a second modulator, and a phase shifter that provides a predetermined optical phase difference between the first modulator and the second modulator, a light source that makes light enter the optical modulator, and a voltage controller that detects a distortion of light power characteristics from output light of the optical modulator in a state where no data signal is input to the optical modulator to determine a bias voltage to be set in the optical modulator while reducing the distortion.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes an optical modulator including a first modulator, a second modulator, and a phase shifter that provides a predetermined optical phase difference between the first modulator and the second modulator, a light source that makes light enter the optical modulator, and a voltage controller that detects a distortion of light power characteristics from output light of the optical modulator in a state where no data signal is input to the optical modulator to determine a bias voltage to be set in the optical modulator while reducing the distortion.

Abstract: A peeling device which peels a superposed substrate obtained by bonding a first substrate and a second substrate together, from one end portion of the superposed substrate toward the other end portion thereof, includes a first holding unit configured to hold the first substrate of the superposed substrate, a second holding unit configured to hold the second substrate of the superposed substrate, and a moving unit configured to move the first holding unit away from the second holding unit. The moving unit is configured to move in at least a peeling direction of the superposed substrate.

Abstract: A peeling device which peels a superposed substrate obtained by bonding a first substrate and a second substrate together, from one end portion of the superposed substrate toward the other end portion thereof, includes a first holding unit configured to hold the first substrate of the superposed substrate, a second holding unit configured to hold the second substrate of the superposed substrate, and a moving unit configured to move the first holding unit away from the second holding unit. The moving unit is configured to move in at least a peeling direction of the superposed substrate.

Abstract: A radio device including: a processor configured to execute a procedure including a difference calculating process which calculates, when a plurality of transmission symbols are one symbol with different assignment positions of one of a frequency area and a time area, a difference between an assignment position of one reference symbol and an assignment position of another symbol among the plurality of transmission symbols, and a shift process which generates a symbol by shift processing of one of the frequency area and the time area with respect to the reference symbol, which is assigned to the an assignment position and subjected to an orthogonal transform processing, according to the difference; and a transmitter configured to performs transmitting processing based on the reference symbol which is subjected to the orthogonal transform processing and the generated symbol by the shift processing.

Abstract: By using a discrete Fourier transform equation that is used to transform N data values (N is an integer equal to or greater than one) to N transformation values, a wireless communication apparatus calculates three continuous transformation values from the N data values. Then, the wireless communication apparatus obtains a fixed change in the phase difference from the three calculated transformation values; multiplies the calculated transformation value by a twiddle factor that is obtained from the change in the phase difference; and calculates not-yet calculated transformation values.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus includes a mapper having a first generator that generates third data by inverting code of first data to be mapped to a frequency domain that corresponds to frequency allocated resources, and a selector that selects the first data, second data to be mapped to the frequency domain that corresponds to frequency allocated resources, the third data generated by the first generator 2, and zero. The mapper maps to the frequency domain that corresponds to frequency allocated resources, the first data, the second data, the third data, and zero selected and output by the selector.

Abstract: By using a discrete Fourier transform equation that is used to transform N data values (N is an integer equal to or greater than one) to N transformation values, a wireless communication apparatus calculates three continuous transformation values from the N data values. Then, the wireless communication apparatus obtains a fixed change in the phase difference from the three calculated transformation values; multiplies the calculated transformation value by a twiddle factor that is obtained from the change in the phase difference; and calculates not-yet calculated transformation values.

Abstract: Channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator (32) are linearly interpolated (34). When transmissions from transmitting antennas are stopped due to a deterioration of the propagation environment, since a larger amount of computing resources become available for use, a channel estimate selector 36 selects the linearly interpolated channel estimates and supplies them to an MIMO demultiplexer 38 which can thus cope with fast fading.

Abstract: Channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator (32) are linearly interpolated (34). When transmissions from transmitting antennas are stopped due to a deterioration of the propagation environment, since a larger amount of computing resources become available for use, a channel estimate selector 36 selects the linearly interpolated channel estimates and supplies them to an MIMO demultiplexer 38 which can thus cope with fast fading.

Abstract: In a relay (100), right and left sides of an edge on an upper end side of an L-shaped armature (201) are bent to form an engagement portion (201a) and the armature 201 is held to be rocked and displaced through an energizing spring piece (205c) of a hinge spring (205) in a state in which the engagement portion (201a) is engaged with an edge portion 204c of an end face 204a on an upper end side of a core (204). During magnetic adsorption, moreover, an upper end of the armature (201) has an outer peripheral surface thereof to abut on the end face (204a) at the upper end side of the core (201) in a close contact state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fastening member, a machine element set for fastening and a method of fastening the machine element for fastening so arranged that a through hole of a fastening member freely fastened to the shaft, the thread or the receiver portion of a thread member is formed into a narrow hole by warping, deforming, bending or twisting the fastening member so as to cause fastening edges to be fastened to the thread portion of the male thread member. When the male thread member is tightened, the narrow hole is restored to the original moderate through hole by the tightening force, so that the fastening member or members to be installed and held by the fastening member can be easily temporarily fixed. After the tightening work has been completed, the male thread member and the fastening member can be freely rotated with respect to each other, so that the damage of the corresponding element due to rubbing can be prevented.