Abstract: In a brake member having a brake lining bonded to a brake shoe, the brake shoe has a chemical conversion coating provided on the surface thereof and a ceramics coating layer provided on the chemical conversion coating which has been formed by dipping in a ceramics precursor solution. The brake lining is bonded to the ceramics coating layer by heating under pressure. A method for bonding a brake lining and a brake shoe is provided with a step of degreasing, cleaning and acid-washing the surface of a brake shoe and then forming a chemical conversion coating thereon, a step of dipping the brake shoe having a chemical conversion coating formed thereon in a ceramics precursor solution to effect ceramics coating and a step of bonding a dried brake lining to the brake shoe under heating and pressure.

Abstract: A friction member is manufactured by: a cleaning step of cleaning a pressure plate of a friction member; a shooting step of shooting a shot material having a predetermined particle diameter under a dry condition to a surface of the pressure plate; an adhesive application step of applying a powder adhesive on the surface of the pressure plate; and a forming treatment step of bonding a pre-formed product of a friction material to the surface of the pressure plate.

Abstract: A columnar spacer is interposed between a first substrate and a second substrate for holding a liquid crystal layer between them. The columnar spacer is formed in such a manner as to have an area superposed, in each pixel, with the contact hole formed in the first substrate and an area not superposed with said contact hole. Even in the case where the first and second substrates attached to each other are displaced from each other, the columnar spacer never falls in the contact hole and a desired cell gap can be positively secured. Also, since the columnar spacer is not located in the contact hole, no margin for substrate attachment is required to form the contact hole in the first substrate, thereby improving the open area ratio effective for display for improved display quality.

Abstract: In a brake member having a brake lining bonded to a brake shoe, the brake shoe has a chemical conversion coating provided on the surface thereof and a ceramics coating layer provided on the chemical conversion coating which has been formed by dipping in a ceramics precursor solution. The brake lining is bonded to the ceramics coating layer by heating under pressure. A method for bonding a brake lining and a brake shoe is provided with a step of degreasing, cleaning and acid-washing the surface of a brake shoe and then forming a chemical conversion coating thereon, a step of dipping the brake shoe having a chemical conversion coating formed thereon in a ceramics precursor solution to effect ceramics coating and a step of bonding a dried brake lining to the brake shoe under heating and pressure.

Abstract: A transfiective liquid crystal display panel, in which at least one of a pixel electrode substrate and a counter electrode substrate is provided with a protruding portion so that the thickness of a liquid crystal layer in a reflective region is smaller than that in a transmissive region, wherein a light-blocking section for shading a defective orientation domain formed by an insufficiently-rubbed portion around the protruding portion is formed simultaneously with, and using the same material as, another element such as a storage capacitor electrode section, a signal line or a scanning line. Thus, the decrease in the display quality due to the defective orientation domain can be suppressed without adding to the production process.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display panel, in which at least one of a pixel electrode substrate and a counter electrode substrate is provided with a protruding portion so that the thickness of a liquid crystal layer in a reflective region is smaller than that in a transmissive region, wherein a light-blocking section for shading a defective orientation domain formed by an insufficiently-rubbed portion around the protruding portion is formed simultaneously with, and using the same material as, another element such as a storage capacitor electrode section, a signal line or a scanning line. Thus, the decrease in the display quality due to the defective orientation domain can be suppressed without adding to the production process.

Abstract: In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a filter of, for example, red, green, or blue is formed on a glass substrate surface of a liquid crystal layer side, and if necessary, a black mask is formed between the filters. The filter has a first region and a second region with a film thickness thinner than that of the first region. The second region has, on the inside, an uncolored region where the filter is not formed. In one pixel region, the first region is formed so as to correspond to a transmissive region and the second region and the uncolored region are formed so as to correspond to a reflective region. A reflective electrode and a transparent electrode are formed on another glass substrate surface of the liquid crystal layer side.

Abstract: In a transmission/reflection combination type LCD that includes a CF substrate having a counter electrode part; a TFT substrate having a reflection pixel electrode part and a transmission pixel electrode part and disposed to oppose the CF substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between these substrates, each pixel has a reflection region and a transmission region, and includes a convex for making the thickness of the liquid crystal layer smaller in the reflection region than in the transmission region. The convex is provided not on the TFT substrate but on the CF substrate, so that the downstream end of the convex can be disposed in a position shifted toward the upstream side along the rubbing direction relatively to the reflection pixel electrode part disposed on the TFT substrate.

Abstract: A columnar spacer is interposed between a first substrate and a second substrate for holding a liquid crystal layer between them. The columnar spacer is formed in such a manner as to have an area superposed, in each pixel, with the contact hole formed in the first substrate and an area not superposed with said contact hole. Even in the case where the first and second substrates attached to each other are displaced from each other, the columnar spacer never falls in the contact hole and a desired cell gap can be positively secured. Also, since the columnar spacer is not located in the contact hole, no margin for substrate attachment is required to form the contact hole in the first substrate, thereby improving the open area ratio effective for display for improved display quality.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display panel, in which at least one of a pixel electrode substrate and a counter electrode substrate is provided with a protruding portion so that the thickness of a liquid crystal layer in a reflective region is smaller than that in a transmissive region, wherein a light-blocking section for shading a defective orientation domain formed by an insufficiently-rubbed portion around the protruding portion is formed simultaneously with, and using the same material as, another element such as a storage capacitor electrode section, a signal line or a scanning line. Thus, the decrease in the display quality due to the defective orientation domain can be suppressed without adding to the production process.

Abstract: In a transmission/reflection combination type LCD that includes a CF substrate having a counter electrode part; a TFT substrate having a reflection pixel electrode part and a transmission pixel electrode part and disposed to oppose the CF substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between these substrates, each pixel has a reflection region and a transmission region, and includes a convex for making the thickness of the liquid crystal layer smaller in the reflection region than in the transmission region. The convex is provided not on the TFT substrate but on the CF substrate, so that the downstream end of the convex can be disposed in a position shifted toward the upstream side along the rubbing direction relatively to the reflection pixel electrode part disposed on the TFT substrate.