Abstract: To realize constituent elements for realizing a nonaqueous secondary battery having high energy density and high repeating stability, and a nonaqueous secondary battery using the same. To present also a lithium ion secondary battery of light weight and high energy density to be used in various electronic appliances and power source of electric vehicle or the like. By using vanadium oxide expressed as M2+xV4O11, where x is 0 or more to 1 or less, and M is a monovalent metal ion such as Cu and Li, as positive electrode, a nonaqueous secondary battery having high energy density and high repeating stability is obtained. Moreover, by using the carbon obtained by heating a cured resin by adding an aromatic compound of 2 to 10 rings to a high polymer before curing, as negative electrode, a nonaqueous secondary battery of high energy density is obtained.

Abstract: To realize constituent elements for realizing a nonaqueous secondary battery having high energy density and high repeating stability, and a nonaqueous secondary battery using the same.

Abstract: To realize constituent elements for realizing a nonaqueous secondary battery having high energy density and high repeating stability, and a nonaqueous secondary battery using the same.

Abstract: To realize constituent elements for realizing a nonaqueous secondary battery having high energy density and high repeating stability, and a nonaqueous secondary battery using the same. To present also a lithium ion secondary battery of light weight and high energy density to be used in various electronic appliances and power source of electric vehicle or the like. By using vanadium oxide expressed as M2+xV4O11, where x is 0 or more to 1 or less, and M is a monovalent metal ion such as Cu and Li, as positive electrode, a nonaqueous secondary battery having high energy density and high repeating stability is obtained. Moreover, by using the carbon obtained by heating a cured resin by adding an aromatic compound of 2 to 10 rings to a high polymer before curing, as negative electrode, a nonaqueous secondary battery of high energy density is obtained.

Abstract: To realize constituent elements for realizing a nonaqueous secondary battery having high energy density and high repeating stability, and a nonaqueous secondary battery using the same.

Abstract: To realize constituent elements for realizing a nonaqueous secondary battery having high energy density and high repeating stability, and a nonaqueous secondary battery using the same.

Abstract: A carbon material for negative electrode of a secondary battery, in particular lithium-ion secondary battery, is prepared by pyrolysis in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum of a composite resin obtained by dissolving pitch in a pitch-soluble resin such as a nobolac phenol resin as it is, or a resin solidified by curing treatment in a state in which the above composite resin is dispersed in a resin solidified by curing treatment or in an uncured resin having a phenol hydroxyl radical such as resol type phenol resin, followed by pulverization in an inert gas, and further heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum.

Abstract: An artificial neural function circuit includes an organic thin film element having a resistance state which changes in dependence on an electrical signal inputted thereto and exhibits information processing function similar to that of a nervous system. The organic thin film element has such physical properties that the changed resistance state is held as it is at least for a predetermined time period even after removal of the electric input signal and that the direction in which the resistance is increased or decreased depends on the polarity of the electric input signal. As an example of such organic thin film, a lead phthalocyanine thin film is employed.

Abstract: A modulatory molecular element includes a chain of molecules A and molecules Bi. The molecules A alternate with the molecules Bi and are bound to the adjacent molecules Bi. The molecules A are selected from common molecules. The molecules Bi are selected from at least two different types of molecules. The molecules Bi are changeable from first stable states to second stable states in response to applied stimulative energy. The molecules Bi return from the second stable states to the first stable states at different relaxation time constants dependent on the types of the molecules Bi when the applied stimulative energy is removed. The chain has a physical property which depends on whether or not all the molecules Bi are in the second stable states.