Abstract: An X-ray detector comprising a scintillation layer separated by a partition for each pixel and a photodiode for converting fluorescent light, which is converted by the sciltillation layer, into a signal charge, wherein when an average particle diameter of phosphor particles forming the scintillation layer is Ds and an average particle diameter forming the partition is Dw, Ds>Dw is satisfied.

Abstract: An X-ray detector comprising a scintillator layer (38) provided for each pixel and adapted for converting X radiation into light, a storage capacitor (15) for storing, as electric charge, the light converted in the scintillator layer (38), and a partition layer (39) partitioning the adjoining scintillator layers (38) provided to the respective pixels. The scintillator layer (38) contains a fluorescent material (I), the partition layer contains a second phosphor (P2) having optical characteristics different from those of the fluorescent material (IP1). The wavelength of the fluorescent light emitted from the second phosphor (P2) includes a component which is equal to or longer than the shortest wavelength of the fluorescent light emitted from the fluorescent material (IP1).

Abstract: There is provided an impregnated-type cathode substrate comprising a large particle diameter low porosity region and a small particle diameter high porosity region which is provided in a side of an electron emission surface of the large particle diameter low porosity region and has an average particle diameter smaller than an average particle diameter of the large particle diameter low pore region and a porosity higher than a porosity of the large particle diameter low porosity region, the impregnated-type cathode being impregnated with an electron emission substance.

Abstract: There is provided an impregnated-type cathode substrate comprising a large particle diameter low porosity region and a small particle diameter high porosity region which is provided in a side of an electron emission surface of the large particle diameter low porosity region and has an average particle diameter smaller than an average particle diameter of the large particle diameter low pore region and a porosity higher than a porosity of the large particle diameter low porosity region, the impregnated-type cathode being impregnated with an electron emission substance.

Abstract: An outer case has an opening portion and a power generation element is held in the outer case and has a positive electrode and negative electrode with a separator interposed. A cover member is joined to the opening portion and the cover member is welded to the outer case with a laser beam. An injection port is formed in the cover member. After an electrolyte has been injected via the injection port into the outer case, a sealing member is pressed in a hermetical way into the injection port and then blocked by a sealing cover welded to the cover member using the laser beam. Furthermore, a pressing member is provided between the power generation element and the inner surface of the cover member wherein one end of the pressing member is receded a predetermined dimension from the injection port.

Abstract: A metallic outer case has an opening portion. A first corner portion is provided at an outer periphery of the opening portion. A power generating element is stored within the outer case. The power generating element has a positive electrode and a negative electrode opposed to each other, with a separator interposed. An end face of the opening portion is sealed by a metallic cover member. The cover member has a second corner portion corresponding to the first corner portion of the outer case, and welded to the outer case, with a coupled portion between the cover member and the outer case irradiated with a laser beam. Those portions of the first corner portion of the outer case and the second corner portion of the cover member, which are irradiated with the laser beam, are shaped as angular portions of substantially the same shape.

Abstract: There is a sealed battery including a battery case having a lid hermetically joined to the opening portion of an outer jacket, and having a structure in which an electrolyte injection hole in the battery case is hermetically sealed with a metal sealing lid. This sealed battery includes a battery case having a structure in which a metal lid is welded to the opening portion of a metal outer jacket, an electric-power generating element housed in the battery case and having a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator being sandwiched therebetween, an electrolyte injection hole formed in the battery case to allow an electrolyte to be injected, and a sealing lid made of a metal plate material which is seam-welded to the battery case including the electrolyte injection hole by laser welding. The sealing lid has a weld portion formed by the laser welding to have a closed loop surrounding the electrolyte injection hole so as to be seam-welded to the battery case.

Abstract: There is provided an impregnated-type cathode substrate comprising a large particle diameter low porosity region and a small particle diameter high porosity region which is provided in a side of an electron emission surface of the large particle diameter low porosity region and has an average particle diameter smaller than an average particle diameter of the large particle diameter low pore region and a porosity higher than a porosity of the large particle diameter low porosity region, the impregnated-type cathode being impregnated with an electron emission substance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an output phosphor screen for x-ray image intensifier is disclosed. The method includes the steps of dropping a dispersion of infusible spherical silicon resin particles on a water surface to form an aggregate layer of the infusible spherical silicon resin particles on the water surface. Thereafter, the aggregate layer of infusible spherical silicon resin particles in adhered on a face plate. The adhered aggregate layer is the calcinated in an atmosphere containing oxygen at a temperature of not less than 500.degree. C. to change the aggregate layer of infusible spherical silicone resin particles into a layer of spherical silica particles. A phosphor layer is then formed on the spherical silica particle layer.

Abstract: A layer of an amorphous substance containing at least one member from among hydrogen and halogen elements and using as main components thereof silicon and at least one member selected from among nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen is formed as a resin-protecting layer or an abrasion-resistant layer in a thermal printing head or as a resin-protecting layer in a heat-resistant insulating substrate. The hardness of the substrate itself is greatly improved by this layer of the amorphous substance. As the result, the substrate as a whole or the thermal printing head as a whole acquires high rigidity and improved resistance to crack.

Abstract: A layer of an amorphous substance containing at least one member from among hydrogen and halogen elements and using as main components thereof silicon and at least one member selected from among nitrogen, carbon and oxygen is formed as a resin-protecting layer or an abrasion-resistant layer in a thermal printing head or as a resin-protecting layer in a heat-resistant insulating substrate. The hardness of the substrate itself is greatly improved by this layer of the amorphous substance. As the result, the substrate as a whole or the thermal printing head as a whole acquires high rigidity and improved resistance to crack.

Abstract: A thermal head of this invention has an improved protective layer on the head surface. The protective layer comprises a compound containing Si, O, N, and a metal M (wherein M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Zr, Mg, and Y). The protective layer has high hardness and toughness and does not deform much nor crack if a local concentrated load acts on it during operation of the thermal head. In the thermal head of this invention, the protective layer and a high-resistance substrate comprises a material having high hardness such as a metal, an alloy, or a ceramic protect various interlayers formed therebetween. Even if a layer comprising a material having low hardness such as a heat insulating layer comprising a heat-resistant resin is included as an interlayer, deformation or a crack caused by a local stress acting on the thermal head can be prevented.

Abstract: A layer of an amorphous substance containing at least one member from among hydrogen and halogen elements and using as main components thereof silicon and at least one member selected from among nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen is formed as a resin-protecting layer or an abrasion-resistant layer in a thermal printing head or as a resin-protecting layer in a heat-resistant insulating substrate. The hardness of the substrate itself is greatly improved by this layer of the amorphous substance. As the result, the substrate as a whole or the thermal printing head as a whole acquires high rigidity and improved resistance to crack.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an impregnated cathode is provided wherein an alloy layer of iridium and tungsten is formed on a surface of a porous pellet impregnated with an oxide of an alkali earth metal, wherein a crystal structure of the alloy has an .epsilon.II phase comprising an hcp structure whose lattice constants a and c satisfy 2.76.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.2.78 and 4.44.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.4.46, respectively. The impregnated cathode of the present invention maintains stable electron emission characteristics from an early stage of operation.

Abstract: An output phosphor film used in an output screen of an image intensifier is made of ZnS or (Zn, Cd)S host material and at least one activator element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, Al, and Cl. The phosphor film is formed on a face plate by means of chemical vapor-deposition, or physical vapor deposition in an inert-gas atmosphere having a pressure of 1 Pa or more, and is heat-treated. The formed phosphor film has hexagonal (Wurtzite-type) crystal and/or cubic (sphalerite-type) crystal structure. These crystals are orientated such that the (002) planes of the hexagonal crystals and/or the (111) planes of the cubic crystals are substantially parallel to the face plate.