Abstract: An electrophotographic member including: a base member; an elastic layer having a thickness of from 100 ?m to 500 ?m, and containing a cured product of an addition-curable silicone rubber composition; and a cured product layer arranged between the base member and the elastic layer, the cured product layer containing a cured product of a composition containing an organopolysiloxane having a Si—H group and a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group. A peel adhesive strength between the elastic layer and the base member is a specific range. The elastic layer undergoes a cohesive failure in a peel test from the base member. The ratio (HU2/HU1) of a universal hardness HU2 on the inner surface of the elastic layer to a universal hardness HU1 at a position reached by cutting the elastic layer from its outer surface in its depth direction by 10 ?m is a specific range.

Abstract: A pressure roller, and the pressure roller to be used in a fixing apparatus of in an image forming apparatus, the fixing apparatus configured to heat a toner image formed on a recording material and fix the toner image on the recording material, the pressure roller including a first elastic layer, and a second elastic layer provided on an outside of the first elastic layer, wherein a thermal conductivity of the first elastic layer is higher than a thermal conductivity of the second elastic layer, and wherein the first elastic layer contains a plurality of void portions, hole pathway portions joining the plurality of void portions to each other, and a needle-shaped high thermal conductive filler.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member includes: a substrate; and an elastic layer on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer contains a rubber and fillers dispersed in the rubber, and wherein an average value of area ratios of large-particle diameter fillers is 20% or more and 40% or less, and the large-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree fL of 0.00 or more and 0.15 or less, an average value of an area ratios of small-particle diameter fillers is 10% or more and 20% or less, the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree fS of 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less, and the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array angle ?S of 60° or more and 120° or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member including: a base member; an elastic layer having a thickness of from 100 ?m to 500 ?m, and containing a cured product of an addition-curable silicone rubber composition; and a cured product layer arranged between the base member and the elastic layer, the cured product layer containing a cured product of a composition containing an organopolysiloxane having a Si—H group and a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group. A peel adhesive strength between the elastic layer and the base member is a specific range. The elastic layer undergoes a cohesive failure in a peel test from the base member. The ratio (HU2/HU1) of a universal hardness HU2 on the inner surface of the elastic layer to a universal hardness HU1 at a position reached by cutting the elastic layer from its outer surface in its depth direction by 10 ?m is a specific range.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member for a heat fixing apparatus which can further improve utilization efficiency of heat for heat fixing of an unfixed toner. A fixing member having an endless belt shape includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer includes silicone rubber and a filler dispersed in the silicone rubber, and when a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a thickness direction is defined as ?nd, a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a circumferential direction is defined as ?td, and a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a width direction is defined as ?md, ?nd is 1.30 W/(m·K) or more, and ?nd, ?td, and ?md satisfy a relationship as shown below ?nd>?md>?td.

Abstract: A pressure roller, and the pressure roller to be used in a fixing apparatus of in an image forming apparatus, the fixing apparatus configured to heat a toner image formed on a recording material and fix the toner image on the recording material, the pressure roller including a first elastic layer, and a second elastic layer provided on an outside of the first elastic layer, wherein a thermal conductivity of the first elastic layer is higher than a thermal conductivity of the second elastic layer, and wherein the first elastic layer contains a plurality of void portions, hole pathway portions joining the plurality of void portions to each other, and a needle-shaped high thermal conductive filler.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fixing member that has a substrate, and a single layer of an elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer having a thickness of 100 ?m or more, and containing a binder and a filler, wherein the elastic layer contains the filler in a content of 30% by volume or more to 60% by volume or less based on the total volume of the elastic layer, and wherein, when a surface of the elastic layer facing to the substrate is defined as a first surface, and a surface of the elastic layer opposed to the first surface is defined as a second surface, an average value of ratios of an element derived from the filler is 0.0 atomic % or more to 6.0 atomic % or less in a region having a thickness of 6 ?m, from the first surface toward the second surface.

Abstract: A liquid silicone rubber mixture, includes an organopolysiloxane having two or more unsaturated aliphatic groups in a molecule thereof; an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having two or more hydrogen atoms bonded to a silicon atom in a molecule thereof; a hydrosilylation catalyst; hollow particles each having a layer containing a thermoplastic resin as a shell; a compound having a hydroxyl group and/or an ether bond in its molecule so that a sum of a number of the hydroxyl group and a number of the ether bond is two or more; and a polycarboxylic acid. A pressurizing member of a fixing device for use in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes an elastic layer containing a silicone rubber on a substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member for a heat fixing apparatus which can further improve utilization efficiency of heat for heat fixing of an unfixed toner. A fixing member having an endless belt shape includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer includes silicone rubber and a filler dispersed in the silicone rubber, and when a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a thickness direction is defined as ?nd, a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a circumferential direction is defined as ?td, and a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a width direction is defined as ?md, ?nd is 1.30 W/(m·K) or more, and ?nd, ?td, and ?md satisfy a relationship as shown below ?nd >?md >?td.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member includes: a substrate; and an elastic layer on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer contains a rubber and fillers dispersed in the rubber, and wherein an average value of area ratios of large-particle diameter fillers is 20% or more and 40% or less, and the large-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree fL of 0.00 or more and 0.15 or less, an average value of an area ratios of small-particle diameter fillers is 10% or more and 20% or less, the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree fS of 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less, and the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array angle ?S of 60° or more and 120° or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fixing member that has a substrate, and a single layer of an elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer having a thickness of 100 ?m or more, and containing a binder and a filler, wherein the elastic layer contains the filler in a content of 30% by volume or more to 60% by volume or less based on the total volume of the elastic layer, and wherein, when a surface of the elastic layer facing to the substrate is defined as a first surface, and a surface of the elastic layer opposed to the first surface is defined as a second surface, an average value of ratios of an element derived from the filler is 0.0 atomic % or more to 6.0 atomic % or less in a region having a thickness of 6 ?m, from the first surface toward the second surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic member having an elastic layer containing graphite particles dispersed in a silicone rubber and having a high thermal conductivity in the thickness direction. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer containing a cured product of an addition-curable liquid silicone rubber mixture including an addition-curable liquid silicone rubber and graphite particles, and the graphite particles having a DBP oil absorption number of 40 cm3/100 g or more and lower than 80 cm3/100 g.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic member having an elastic layer containing graphite particles dispersed in a silicone rubber and having a high thermal conductivity in the thickness direction. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer containing a cured product of an addition-curable liquid silicone rubber mixture including an addition-curable liquid silicone rubber and graphite particles, and the graphite particles having a DBP oil absorption number of 40 cm3/100 g or more and lower than 80 cm3/100 g.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic member having an elastic layer containing graphite particles dispersed in a silicone rubber and having a high thermal conductivity in the thickness direction. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer containing a cured product of an addition-curable liquid silicone rubber mixture including an addition-curable liquid silicone rubber and graphite particles, and the graphite particles having a DBP oil absorption number of 40 cm3/100 g or more and lower than 80 cm3/100 g.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member, the member including an elastic layer that is formed by graphite particles dispersed in a silicone rubber and has high thermal conductivity in the thickness direction. The electrophotographic member has a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, in which the elastic layer contains a cured product of an addition-curable liquid silicone rubber mixture including graphite particles, the dibutyl phthalate (DBP) oil absorption number of the graphite particles is from 80 cm3/100 g to 150 cm3/100 g, the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of the elastic layer is from 1.1 W/(m·K) to 5.0 W/(m·K), and the modulus in tension of the elastic layer is from 0.1 MPa to 4.0 MPa.

Abstract: Provided a liquid silicone rubber mixture, comprising following components (1) to (6): (1) an organopolysiloxane having two or more unsaturated aliphatic groups in a molecule thereof; (2) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having two or more hydrogen atoms bonded to a silicon atom in a molecule thereof; (3) a hydrosilylation catalyst; (4) hollow particles each having a layer containing a thermoplastic resin as a shell; (5) a compound having at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and an ether bond in a molecule thereof, and having a sum of a number of the hydroxyl group and a number of the ether bond of two or more; and (6) a polycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member, the member including an elastic layer that is formed by graphite particles dispersed in a silicone rubber and has high thermal conductivity in the thickness direction. The electrophotographic member has a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, in which the elastic layer contains a cured product of an addition-curable liquid silicone rubber mixture including graphite particles, the dibutyl phthalate (DBP) oil absorption number of the graphite particles is from 80 cm3/100 g to 150 cm3/100 g, the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of the elastic layer is from 1.1 W/(m·K) to 5.0 W/(m·K), and the modulus in tension of the elastic layer is from 0.1 MPa to 4.0 MPa.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic member having an elastic layer containing graphite particles dispersed in a silicone rubber and having a high thermal conductivity in the thickness direction. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer containing a cured product of an addition-curable liquid silicone rubber mixture including an addition-curable liquid silicone rubber and graphite particles, and the graphite particles having a DBP oil absorption number of 40 cm3/100 g or more and lower than 80 cm3/100 g.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a fixing member that can form high quality electrophotographic images. The fixing member includes a substrate, an elastic layer on the substrate and a surface layer bonded to the elastic layer with an adhesive layer. The surface layer contains a fluorine resin. The surface layer having a thermal resistance in the thickness direction of 3.0×10?5 m2·K/W or more and 1.3×10?4 m2·K/W or less and the peel adhesion strength between the surface layer and the elastic layer is 3.0 N/cm or more and 20.0 N/cm or less, while the elastic layer undergoes a cohesive failure in a peel test between the surface layer and the elastic layer and the fluorine resin contains a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroethyl vinyl ether copolymer, the polymerization ratio of perfluoroethyl vinyl ether in the copolymer being 3.0 mol % or more and 5.8 mol % or less.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a fixing member that can form high quality electrophotographic images. The fixing member comprises a substrate, an elastic layer on the substrate and a surface layer bonded to the elastic layer with an adhesive layer. The surface layer contains a fluorine resin. The surface layer having a thermal resistance in the thickness direction of 3.0×10?5 m2·K/W or more and 1.3×10?4 m2·K/W or less and the peel adhesion strength between the surface layer and the elastic layer is 3.0 N/cm or more and 20.0 N/cm or less, while the elastic layer undergoes a cohesive failure in a peel test between the surface layer and the elastic layer and the fluorine resin contains a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroethyl vinyl ether copolymer, the polymerization ratio of perfluoroethyl vinyl ether in the copolymer being 3.0 mol % or more and 5.8 mol % or less.