Abstract: A multilayer structure including a metal particles-containing layer, a layer A having a refractive index, n1, and a layer B having a refractive index, n2, and satisfying one of the conditions (1-1) and (2-1) is capable of suppressing reflection of light at a wavelength ? intended to prevent reflection. n1<n2 and ?/4+m?/2<n1×d1<?/2+m?/2??Condition (1-1) n1>n2 and 0+m?/2<n1×d1<?/4+m?/2??Condition (2-1) wherein m represents an integer of 0 or greater; ? represents a wavelength with a unit of nm intended to prevent reflection; n1 represents a refractive index of the layer A; and d1 represents a thickness with a unit of nm of the layer A.

Abstract: An infrared ray shielding film having a metal particle-containing layer in which hexagonal to circular tabular metal particles are contained in 60% by number or more relative to total number of the metal particles contained in the metal particle-containing layer exhibits excellent infrared ray reflection at a wide range of from 800 nm to 2000 nm and shows little heat ray absorption.

Abstract: A multilayer structure including a metal particles-containing layer, a layer A having a refractive index, n1, and a layer B having a refractive index, n2, and satisfying one of the conditions (1-1) and (2-1) is capable of suppressing reflection of light at a wavelength ? intended to prevent reflection. n1<n2 and ?/4+m?/2<n1×d1<?/2+m?/2??Condition (1-1) n1>n2 and 0+m?/2<n1×d1<?/4+m?/2??Condition (2-1) wherein m represents an integer of 0 or greater; ? represents a wavelength with a unit of nm intended to prevent reflection; n1 represents a refractive index of the layer A; and d1 represents a thickness with a unit of nm of the layer A.

Abstract: An infrared ray shielding film having a metal particle-containing layer in which hexagonal to circular tabular metal particles are contained in 60% by number or more relative to total number of the metal particles contained in the metal particle-containing layer exhibits excellent infrared ray reflection at a wide range of from 800 nm to 2000 nm and shows little heat ray absorption.

Abstract: A heat ray shielding material having a metal particles-containing layer that contains at least one type of metal particles and a binder, wherein the thickness of the metal particles-containing layer is from 10 nm to 80 nm, the metal particles contain tabular metal particles having a hexagonal to circular form in a ratio of at least 60% by number, the binder in the tabular metal particles-containing layer has a crosslinking structure derived from a crosslinking agent, and the crosslinking group density ratio is from 0.3 to 30, has good visible light transmittance, heat shielding coefficient, scratch resistance and pencil hardness.

Abstract: A heat ray shielding material having a metal particles-containing layer that contains at least one type of metal particles, in which the thickness of the metal particles-containing layer is from 10 nm to 80 nm, the metal particles contain tabular metal particles having a hexagonal to circular form in a ratio of at least 60% by number, and the mean thickness of the hexagonal to circular, tabular metal particles is at most 14 nm has good visible light transmittance, heat shieldability (solar reflectance), surface profile and rubbing resistance.

Abstract: A black and white silver halide photosensitive material, having: a support; at least one silver halide emulsion layer; and at least one non-photosensitive layer, wherein both of the silver halide emulsion layer and the non-photosensitive layer are positioned at one side of the support, the non-photosensitive layer includes carbon particles of 35 mg/m2 or more, and the non-photosensitive layer is positioned closer to the support than all of the silver halide emulsion layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a protease detection material having, on a support, at least a layer containing a dye precursor and a layer which contains a protease substrate and is disposed on the same side of the support as the layer containing the dye precursor and farther from the support than the layer containing the dye precursor, wherein the layer containing the protease substrate further contains a development center-forming substance. Further, a set of protease detection materials and a method for measuring protease using the above-described protease detection material are provided. A protease detection material, a set of protease detection materials, and a method of measuring protease which allow protease activity to be measured promptly with high sensitivity, and that allow, at the same time, morphological observation of tissues and cells on a thin film to be performed easily.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material having, on a support, at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, characterized in that at least one of the silver halide emulsion layers contains a silver halide emulsion having a silver chloride content of 90 mole % or above, the silver halide emulsion contains at least one kind of selenium compound, and the silver halide emulsion layer containing the silver halide emulsion has a characteristic curve satisfying the following relation (1); 2.0??H/?L?0.5??Relation (1) wherein ? represents a gradient of the characteristic curve, ?H represents a gradient in the case of 1×10?6-second exposure and ?L represents a gradient in the case of 100-second exposure.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion containing silver halide grains with a silver chloride content of at least 95 mole %, being sensitized with selenium and gold, and further containing at least two compounds each having a function of oxidizing metallic silver clusters; a silver halide photographic material containing the same; and a silver halide photographic material having red-, green, and blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers, wherein one of the emulsion layers contains a silver halide emulsion with a silver chloride content of at least 95 mole %, and the silver halide emulsion contains a selenium compound and a metal complex of formula (D1); [MD1XD1nLD1(6-n)]m??formula (D1) wherein MD1 represents Cr, Mo, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Pd, or Pt; XD1 represents a halogen ion; LD1 represents a ligand other than XD1; n represents 3, 4, 5, or 6; and m represents 4-, 3-, 2-, 1-, 0 or 1+.

Abstract: A photothermographic material having, on at least one side of a support, an image forming layer including at least a photosensitive silver halide, a non-photosensitive silver salt of a fatty acid, a reducing agent, and a binder, wherein 1) the photosensitive silver halide has an average silver iodide content of 40 mol % or higher, and 2) the photothermographic material includes a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof: R1—C?C—R1???Formula (I) wherein R1 and R1? each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, aryl group, or heterocyclic group, and R1 and R1? are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom. The invention provides a photothermographic material which exhibits high sensitivity and excellent image storability, and an image forming method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for immunoassaying an object to be analyzed including: causing to act, on a specimen or a sample including the specimen, a first protein (Y), which can specifically recognize the object to be analyzed in the specimen and is modified by a labeling substance, so as to form a complex including the object to be analyzed and Y; and measuring the labeling substance contained in the complex or the labeling substance contained in the free protein (Y), wherein the measurement of the labeling substance is performed by a chemiluminescent method which includes sensing the light generated by chemiluminescence using a photothermographic material including at least an organic silver salt, a reducing agent for silver ions and a photosensitive silver halide to form a latent image, and making the latent image visible by thermal development. An easy, quick, and highly precise immunoassay method is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a black and white photothermographic material including, on at least one side of a support, at least a photosensitive silver halide, a non-photosensitive organic silver salt, a reducing agent for silver ions, a color developing agent, and a coupler, wherein the black and white photothermographic material includes at least two image forming layers including the photosensitive silver halide, in which a first image forming layer includes at least the reducing agent for silver ions, a second image forming layer includes at least the color developing agent, and a sensitivity difference between the first image forming layer and the second image forming layer is 0.2 or more when expressed by log E0 as a logarithmic value of an exposure value (E0) necessary for obtaining a one-half density for the sum of maximum density and fog.

Abstract: A method of producing (1) metal particles or (2) metal fine-particles, which contains: jetting out two solutions of (1) a metal salt solution and a reducing agent solution, or (2) a metal ion-containing solution and a hydroxide ion-containing solution, from respective nozzles to a mixing chamber, to give a mixed reaction solution; and discharging the mixed reaction solution from a discharging port having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the mixing chamber, wherein one of the two solutions is made into straightly-going flow, which is jetted from a nozzle having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the mixing chamber to the mixing chamber, and the other solution is jetted out, as flow substantially orthogonal to the straightly-going flow, to a position before a position where eddy viscosity generated by the straightly-going flow would be maximum.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide photographic material which comprises at least one methine dye represented by the following formula (I): wherein Y represents a furan ring or a pyrrole ring, and Y may further be condensed with other 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring, or may have a substituent; the bond between two carbon atoms in which Y is condensed may be a single bond or a double bond; Z represents an atomic group necessary to form a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, and Z may further be condensed with other 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring; R represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, aryl group, or heterocyclic group; D represents a group necessary to form a methine dye; L1 and L2 each represents a methine group; p represents 0 or 1; M represents a counter ion; and m represents a number of 0 or higher necessary to neutralize the charge in the molecule.

Abstract: The present invention provides a black and white photothermographic material having, on at least one side of a support, at least a photosensitive silver halide, a non-photosensitive organic silver salt, a color developing agent, and a coupler which reacts with an oxidation product of the color developing agent to form a dye, wherein a mean particle size of the non-photosensitive organic silver salt is 0.38 ?m or less. A black and white photothermographic material which exhibits high sensitivity, high density, excellent image tone, and excellent coating ability is provided.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material having, on a support, at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, characterized in that at least one of the silver halide emulsion layers contains a silver halide emulsion having a silver chloride content of 90 mole % or above, the silver halide emulsion contains at least one kind of selenium compound, and the silver halide emulsion layer containing the silver halide emulsion has a characteristic curve satisfying the following relation (1); 2.0??H/?L?0.5??Relation (1) wherein ? represents a gradient of the characteristic curve, ?H represents a gradient in the case of 1×10?6-second exposure and ?L represents a gradient in the case of 100-second exposure.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion containing silver halide grains with a silver chloride content of at least 95 mole %, being sensitized with selenium and gold, and further containing at least two compounds each having a function of oxidizing metallic silver clusters; a silver halide photographic material containing the same; and a silver halide photographic material having red-, green, and blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers, wherein one of the emulsion layers contains a silver halide emulsion with a silver chloride content of at least 95 mole %, and the silver halide emulsion contains a selenium compound and a metal complex of formula (D1); [MD1XD1nLD1(6-n)]m ??formula (D1) wherein MD1 represents Cr, Mo, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Pd, or Pt; XD1 represents a halogen ion; LD1 represents a ligand other than XD1; n represents 3, 4, 5, or 6; and m represents 4?, 3?, 2?, 1?, 0, or 1+.

Abstract: The present invention provides a black and white photothermographic material having, a first image forming layer including at least a photosensitive silver halide, a non-photosensitive organic silver salt, and a reducing agent for silver ions, wherein the black and white photothermographic material further has a second image forming layer including at least a coupler, and at least one of the first image forming layer and the second image forming layer includes a color developing agent. A black and white photothermographic material which exhibits high sensitivity, excellent image tone, and excellent storage stability is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a black and white photothermographic material having, on at least one side of a support, an image forming layer including at least a photosensitive silver halide and a non-photosensitive organic silver salt, and a non-photosensitive layer including at least a coupler, wherein at least one of the image forming layer and the non-photosensitive layer includes a color developing agent; a grain density of the photosensitive silver halide in the image forming layer is from 20 grains/?m3 to 103 grains/?m3; and an optical density of an image formed by imagewise exposing and thermally developing the black and white photothermographic material satisfies the following equation (A): 0.02<Dc<D/4 ??Equation (A) wherein D represents a value of an optical density in a range of from 1.0 to 2.0; and Dc represents an optical density obtained by the dye in the optical density of the image.