Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoconductor containing a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer, disposed thereon, containing a charge transporting material having a triarylamine structure represented by General Formula 1, and wherein the photosensitive layer satisfies Mathematical Formula 1 when peak heights in raman scattering spectra of the triarylamine structure are measured at a wavenumber of 1,324±2 cm?1 by a confocal raman spectroscopy using z-polarized light: where Ar1, Ar2, and Ar3 are substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups, and Ar1 and Ar2, Ar2 and Ar3, and Ar3 and Ar1 are optionally combined to form heterocyclic rings, respectively, ?=I(inside)/I(surface)?1.

Abstract: A coating liquid including an N-alkoxymethylated nylon and a solvent, wherein the N-alkoxymethylated nylon includes one or more ions in an amount of from 200 to 500 ppm based on a weight of the N-alkoxymethylated nylon or one or more alkylamines in an amount of from 15 to 100 ppm based on a weight of the N-alkoxymethylated nylon. A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a charge blocking layer located overlying the substrate; a moiré preventing layer located overlying the charge blocking layer; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the moiré preventing layer, wherein the charge blocking layer is formed using the coating liquid.

Abstract: An image is formed by projecting an image by way of an image irradiating device onto an image bearing member configured to operate at a linear velocity of at least 300 mm/sec, and which is constructed of(i) an electroconductive substrate having an image bearing surface that has an established surface charge having an electric field intensity of at least 32.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor that is excellent in the stability of image quality and can realize high durability is provided. In an electrophotographic photoconductor in which an underlying layer, a photoconductive layer, and a crosslinked-type charge transportation layer are stacked on an electrically conductive support in order, the underlying layer is composed of at least two layers being a layer containing an inorganic pigment and a layer including no inorganic pigment, and the crosslinked-type charge transportation layer is formed by curing, at least, a three-or-more-functional radical-polymerizable monomer having no charge transporting structure and a radical-polymerizable compound having one-functional charge transporting structure.

Abstract: A coating liquid for an intermediate layer of an electrophotographic photoconductor comprises at least one of alcohol solvents; and N-methoxymethylated nylon, in which the N-methoxymethylated nylon has solution viscosity within a range from 43 mPa·s to 50 mPa·s when dissolving into methanol at 30° C. in a concentration of 20% by mass.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including: an electroconductive substrate; a first undercoat layer including no metal oxide, located overlying the electroconductive substrate; a second undercoat layer including a metal oxide and a binder resin, located overlying the first undercoat layer; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the second undercoat layer, wherein the metal oxide included in the second undercoat layer has a specific resistivity not less than 107 ?·cm and a block isocyanate compound.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoconductor containing a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer, disposed thereon, containing a charge transporting material having a triarylamine structure represented by General Formula 1, and wherein the photosensitive layer satisfies Mathematical Formula 1 when peak heights in raman scattering spectra of the triarylamine structure are measured at a wavenumber of 1,324±2 cm?1 by a confocal raman spectroscopy using z-polarized light: where Ar1, Ar2, and Ar3 are substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups, and Ar1 and Ar2, Ar2 and Ar3, and Ar3 and Ar1 are optionally combined to form heterocyclic rings, respectively, ?=I(inside)/I(surface)?1.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a charger, an irradiator, and a developing device, wherein the relationships T1?T2 and T2=W/V are satisfied, wherein T1 (msec) represents a real transit time, defined as a value on X-axis of a first flection point, at which a surface potential (Y) of the image bearing member firstly rises up when a time (X) between irradiating the image bearing member and measuring the surface potential of the irradiated portion thereof is shortened, in a graph showing a relationship between X and Y; T2 (msec) represents a charging time; W (mm) represents a charging width of the charger; and V (mm/msec) represents a linear velocity of the image bearing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member to operate at a linear velocity of at least 300 mm/sec, which includes an electroconductive substrate, a charge blocking layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, a moiré prevention layer located overlying the charge blocking layer, and a photosensitive layer located overlying the moiré prevention layer. The photosensitive layer contains titanyl phthalocyanine having a primary particle diameter of not greater than 0.25 ?m and having a crystal form having a CuK? X ray diffraction spectrum having a wavelength of 1.542 ? such that the maximum diffraction peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 27.2±0.2°, main peaks are observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 9.4±0.2°, 9.6±0.2°, and 24.0±0.2°, and a peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 7.3±0.2° as the lowest angle diffraction peak, while there is no peak between 9.4±0.2° and 7.3±0.2° and there is no peak at 26.3±0.2°).

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a photoconductor that is highly sensitive, stable in image quality under repeated usages, and affords prolonged life. In order attain the object, a photoconductor is provided that comprises a charge generating layer, a charge transporting layer, and a crosslinked charge transporting layer, on an substrate in order, the charge generating layer contains titanyl phthalocyanine crystal particles that exhibit a highest peak at 27.2°, main peaks at 9.4°, 9.6° and 24.0°, a peak at 7.3° as the lowest angle, and with no peaks in a range between 7.3° and 9.4°, and with no peak at 26.3° as Bragg 2?angles (±0.2°) in terms of CuK-? characteristic X-ray wavelength at 1.542 ?, and the averaged primary particle size of the titanyl phthalocyanine crystal particles is 0.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a charge blocking layer; a moiré preventing layer; and a photosensitive layer, which are overlaid overlying the substrate in this order, wherein the photosensitive layer includes a titanyl phthalocyanine crystal which has an average primary particle diameter not greater than 0.25 ?m, and has an X-ray diffraction spectrum such that a maximum peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 27.2°±0.2°; a peak is observed at Bragg (2?) angle of 9.4°±0.2°, 9.6±0.2° and 24.0±0.2°; a lowest angle peak is observed at an angle of 7.3°±0.2°; no peak is observed between the lowest angle peak and the 9.4° peak; and no peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 26.3°±0.2°, when a Cu—K? X-ray having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm (1.542 ?) is used.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor that is excellent in the stability of image quality and can realize high durability is provided. In an electrophotographic photoconductor in which an underlying layer, a photoconductive layer, and a crosslinked-type charge transportation layer are stacked on an electrically conductive support in order, the underlying layer is composed of at least two layers being a layer containing an inorganic pigment and a layer including no inorganic pigment, and the crosslinked-type charge transportation layer is formed by curing, at least, a three-or-more-functional radical-polymerizable monomer having no charge transporting structure and a radical-polymerizable compound having one-functional charge transporting structure.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor having a surface with a frictional resistance ranging from 45 gram-force to 200 gram-force, a 10-point average roughness RzJIS ranging from 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm or a maximum height Rz of 2.5 mm. Image formation is performed by the image forming apparatus to allow irregular-shaped toner or spherical toner to be cleaned off efficiently and any background stain on a copied sheet to be prevented. A lubricant is applied to the photoconductor so as to form a nonuniform film thereon, which prevents the frictional resistance from abnormally lowering, thus suppressing image degradation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member to operate at a linear velocity of at least 300 mm/sec, which includes an electroconductive substrate, a charge blocking layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, a moiré prevention layer located overlying the charge blocking layer, and a photosensitive layer located overlying the moiré prevention layer. The photosensitive layer contains titanyl phthalocyanine having a primary particle diameter of not greater than 0.25 ?m and having a crystal form having a CuK? X ray diffraction spectrum having a wavelength of 1.542 ? such that the maximum diffraction peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 27.2±0.2°, main peaks are observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 9.4±0.2°, 9.6±0.2°, and 24.0±0.2°, and a peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 7.3±0.2° as the lowest angle diffraction peak, while there is no peak between 9.4±0.2 and 7.3±0.2 and there is no peak at 26.3±0.2°).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including: an electroconductive substrate; a first undercoat layer including no metal oxide, located overlying the electroconductive substrate; a second undercoat layer including a metal oxide and a binder resin, located overlying the first undercoat layer; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the second undercoat layer, wherein the metal oxide included in the second undercoat layer has a specific resistivity not less than 107 ?·cm and a block isocyanate compound.

Abstract: A coating liquid including an N-alkoxymethylated nylon and a solvent, wherein the N-alkoxymethylated nylon includes one or more ions in an amount of from 200 to 500 ppm based on a weight of the N-alkoxymethylated nylon or one or more alkylamines in an amount of from 15 to 100 ppm based on a weight of the N-alkoxymethylated nylon. A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a charge blocking layer located overlying the substrate; a moiré preventing layer located overlying the charge blocking layer; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the moiré preventing layer, wherein the charge blocking layer is formed using the coating liquid.

Abstract: A coating liquid for an intermediate layer of an electrophotographic photoconductor comprises at least one of alcohol solvents; and N-methoxymethylated nylon, in which the N-methoxymethylated nylon has solution viscosity within a range from 43 mPa·s to 50 mPa·s when dissolving into methanol at 30° C. in a concentration of 20% by mass.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a photoconductor that is highly sensitive, stable in image quality under repeated usages, and affords prolonged life. In order attain the object, a photoconductor is provided that comprises a charge generating layer, a charge transporting layer, and a crosslinked charge transporting layer, on an substrate in order, the charge generating layer contains titanyl phthalocyanine crystal particles that exhibit a highest peak at 27.2°, main peaks at 9.4°, 9.6° and 24.0°, a peak at 7.3° as the lowest angle, and with no peaks in a range between 7.3° and 9.4°, and with no peak at 26.3° as Bragg 2?angles (±0.2°) in terms of CuK-? characteristic X-ray wavelength at 1.542 ?, and the averaged primary particle size of the titanyl phthalocyanine crystal particles is 0.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a charge blocking layer; a moiré preventing layer; and a photosensitive layer, which are overlaid overlying the substrate in this order, wherein the photosensitive layer includes a titanyl phthalocyanine crystal which has an average primary particle diameter not greater than 0.25 ?m, and has an X-ray diffraction spectrum such that a maximum peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 27.2°±0.2°; a peak is observed at Bragg (2?) angle of 9.4°±0.2°, 9.6±0.2° and 24.0±0.2°; a lowest angle peak is observed at an angle of 7.3°±0.2°; no peak is observed between the lowest angle peak and the 9.4° peak; and no peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 26.3°±0.2°, when a Cu—K? X-ray having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm (1.542 ?) is used.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and including a resin; and a surface layer including a filler and a binder resin, wherein the surface layer and the photosensitive layer have a continuous structure, and wherein the surface layer satisfies the following relationship: ??D/5, wherein D represents an average of maximum thicknesses of the surface layer in units of micrometers in 20 segments of 5 ?m wide when a portion of a cross section of the photoreceptor of 100 ?m wide is divided into the 20 segments, and ? represents a standard deviation of the 20 maximum thicknesses.