Abstract: In a communication system including first virtual CPE and second virtual CPE, the first virtual CPE includes a band acquisition unit configured to acquire a first contract band set for a subscriber under control of the first CPE and acquire a value of decrease in the first contract band when at least one subscriber terminal of the subscriber transitions from being under control of the first CPE to being under control of the second CPE, and a band control unit configured to control a communication band for the first CPE, and the second virtual CPE includes a band acquisition unit configured to acquire a second contract band set for a subscriber under control of the second CPE and acquire a value of increase in the second contract band, and a band control unit configured to control a communication band for the second CPE.

Abstract: In a communication system including a first virtual CPE to which a terminal belongs, a second virtual CPE, and an authentication server, when the terminal connects to the second virtual CPE, the second virtual CPE confirms whether terminal information of the terminal is registered in the authentication server, and when the terminal information is registered in the authentication server, the authentication server notifies the second virtual CPE of an address of the first virtual CPE, and the second virtual CPE performs a tunnel connection to the first virtual CPE.

Abstract: A load distribution system has: determination means for determining, upon an input port receiving a packet, a flow attribute indicating whether a flow configured by the packet is a flow that tends to include many long packets or a flow that tends to include many short packets; and output means for outputting the packet to a packet transfer device in a load state indicating that a load applied by the flow of the flow attribute is low, of a plurality of packet transfer devices, in accordance with the flow attribute determined by the determination means.

Abstract: A communication apparatus connected to a virtual apparatus having an address dispensing function via an access network is provided, wherein the communication apparatus includes a communication confirmation unit configured to perform a communication confirmation between the virtual apparatus and the communication apparatus; and an address dispensing unit configured to dispense an address to a user terminal under control of the communication apparatus when communication between the virtual apparatus and the communication apparatus is not able to be confirmed by the communication confirmation unit, and the address dispensing unit causes the user terminal to forcibly release the address when the communication between the virtual apparatus and the communication apparatus is able to be confirmed by the communication confirmation unit.

Abstract: A method for producing an article having a novel metal gloss which does not use a solvent when forming an article having metallic luster, and a toner for metallic luster color and a printing method using the same.