Abstract: A photodetector includes a substrate, a material layer, a first electrode made of a metal, a core, a second electrode and a light absorption layer made of graphene. The first electrode, the core, and the material layer constitute a hybrid plasmonic waveguide, and the light absorption layer is disposed thereon. Light guided in the hybrid plasmonic waveguide is absorbed by the light absorption layer, photoelectrically converted by the PTE effect, and extracted as an electric signal from the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a method of applying plating to an aluminum alloy material, which comprises a step of cathodic acid electrolysis as a pretreatment for the plating for removing insoluble matters from the aluminum alloy generated in a previous alkaline-etching step.

Abstract: A cylinder for an internal combustion engine and a method for treating the inner surface of the cylinder, which enables the inner surface constituting a piston-sliding surface of the cylinder to have a high quality plated layer which is uniform in thickness and smooth in surface at low cost without necessitating grinding work such as honing work. The cylinder and the method of the present invention are characterized in that the inner surface of the cylinder is provided with a plated layer which is deposited thereon by a PR (Periodical Reverse) method employing a high-speed polarity reversal power source.

Abstract: A cylinder for an internal combustion engine and a method for treating the inner surface of the cylinder, which enables the inner surface constituting a piston-sliding surface of the cylinder to have a high quality plated layer which is uniform in thickness and smooth in surface at low cost without necessitating grinding work such as honing work. The cylinder and the method of the present invention are characterized in that the inner surface of the cylinder is provided with a plated layer which is deposited thereon by a PR (Periodical Reverse) method employing a high-speed polarity reversal power source.

Abstract: There is provided a cylinder for an internal combustion engine, wherein the inner wall surface of the cylinder which constitutes a slide-contacting surface for the piston is treated with a metal plating which is minimal in burden to the environment, excellent in abrasion resistance and hard enough to endure the practical use of the cylinder, thus making it possible to dispense with a finishing work such as honing work. A method for treating the inner wall surface of the cylinder so as to obtain such a cylinder is also provided. The cylinder as well as the method are featured in that the inner wall surface of the cylinder which is adapted to be slidably contacted with a piston is electroplated in a plating bath comprising an iron plating solution containing a boron compound such as trimethylamine borane, dimethylamine borane, etc.

Abstract: There is provided a cylinder for an internal combustion engine, wherein the inner wall surface of the cylinder which constitutes a slide-contacting surface for the piston is treated with a metal plating which is minimal in burden to the environment, excellent in abrasion resistance and hard enough to endure the practical use of the cylinder, thus making it possible to dispense with a finishing work such as honing work. The cylinder is featured in that the inner wall surface of the cylinder which is adapted to be slidably contacted with a piston is electroplated in a plating bath comprising a nickel plating solution containing a boron compound such as trimethylamine borane, dimethylamine borane, etc.

Abstract: A cylinder minimizes the friction between an inner peripheral surface of a cylinder bore and a piston by substantially providing no plating on a portion of the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder bore where a cross sectional configuration of the inner periphery of the cylinder bore is prone to deform and which does not interfere with a predetermined operation performed in cooperation with a piston that reciprocates in slidable contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder bore.