Abstract: An electrolyzer is comprised of an anode and a cathode which are in contact with an electrolytic solution, wherein at least one of the anode and the cathode is composed of an electric conductor having a gas permeable structure comprising a gas generating surface at which gas is generated by electrolysis of the electrolytic solution, a plurality of through holes leading from the gas generating surface to a different surface and allowing the gas generated on the gas generating surface to selectively pass therethrough, and a gas releasing surface which is the different surface for releasing the gas supplied from the gas generating surface via the through holes. At least one of a surface treatment which causes the gas generating surface to be lyophilic for the electrolytic solution and a surface treatment which causes the gas releasing surface to be lyophobic for the electrolytic solution is performed.

Abstract: An electrolyzer is comprised of an anode and a cathode which are in contact with an electrolytic solution, wherein at least one of the anode and the cathode is composed of an electric conductor having a gas permeable structure comprising a gas generating surface at which gas is generated by electrolysis of the electrolytic solution, a plurality of through holes leading from the gas generating surface to a different surface and allowing the gas generated on the gas generating surface to selectively pass therethrough, and a gas releasing surface which is the different surface for releasing the gas supplied from the gas generating surface via the through holes. At least one of a surface treatment which causes the gas generating surface to be lyophilic for the electrolytic solution and a surface treatment which causes the gas releasing surface to be lyophobic for the electrolytic solution is performed.

Abstract: A moving mirror support device for use with photo-interferometers having first leaf springs arranged in parallel with one end thereof being fixed to a base; a coupling plate fixed to the other ends of the first leaf springs; and second leaf springs arranged in parallel with each of the first springs with one end thereof being fixed to the coupling plate and the other end being fixed to the moving mirror, whereby longitudinal and transverse displacements of the moving mirror can be more accurately controlled.

Abstract: A confocal microscope comprising a confocal laser scanner which rotates a Nipkow disk at high speed together with microlenses wherein a beam splitter of a plate type is disposed between two integrated disks, in each of which a plurality of microlenses and minute openings are arranged with the same pattern in an array, and wherein the axis of incident light is tilted by a significant angle to the vertical incident axis of the microlenses, so that the light axis shift generated by the plate beam splitter is cancelled and the incident light to the relevant microlense is caused to be focused to the corresponding minute opening thereby improving light use efficiency.

Abstract: A confocal microscope comprising a confocal laser scanner which rotates a Nipkow disk at high speed together with microlenses wherein a beam splitter of a plate type is disposed between two integrated disks, in each of which a plurality of microlenses and minute openings are arranged with the same pattern in an array, and wherein the axis of incident light is tilted by a significant angle to the vertical incident axis of the microlenses, so that the light axis shift generated by the plate beam splitter is cancelled and the incident light to the relevant microlense is caused to be focused to the corresponding minute opening thereby improving light use efficiency.

Abstract: A pressure gauge for determining the pressure applied to a cylindrical vibrator by measuring the resonance frequency of the vibrator. The vibrator comprises a thin-wall cylindrical portion, a thick wall cylindrical portion extending from one end of the thin wall cylindrical portion and a thick wall end portion joined to the end of the thin wall cylindrical portion. The thin wall cylindrical portion is installed within a cover, to which the thick wall end portion is securely attached. The inventive vibrator type pressure gauge produces greater accuracy and reliability while also being resistant to external vibrations and pressures.