Abstract: A conventional thin membrane of aerogel, although achieving a low refractive index, retains some difficulty when it is to be applied to display apparatuses or the like, because of its low strength. Membranes produced by other methods are difficult to simultaneously achieve low refractive index and sufficient strength. The present invention provides an anti-reflecting membrane which is formed at least on one side of a plate transmitting visible light, is composed of fine inorganic oxide particles and a binder, contains a number of pores inside, and has an arithmetic average surface roughness (Ra) below 6 nm. The present invention also provides preferred embodiments of the display apparatuses provided with the membrane.

Abstract: To provide a high-quality liquid crystal display device that does not produce image sticking and that can realize high response speed, a third electrode is provided that is different from a common electrode or a pixel electrode, and a voltage applied to the third electrode is varied within one frame period to drive a liquid crystal using a strong electric field and a uniform horizontal electric field in an initial stage within one frame period, while driving the liquid crystal only with the uniform horizontal electric field in a latter stage within one frame period.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including: a first substrate; a second substrate arranged opposite the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate; further provided with a plurality of scanning lines arranged over the first substrate; signal lines arranged over the first substrate to cross the scanning lines; pixels each composed matching an area surrounded by the scanning lines and the signal lines; pixel electrodes arranged over the first substrate and matching the signal lines; and common electrodes arranged over the first substrate and matching the pixel electrodes, wherein at least either of the first substrate and the second substrate is provided with unevenness to vary the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the light-transmissive regions of the same ones of the pixels.

Abstract: A conventional thin membrane of aerogel, although achieving a low refractive index, retains some difficulty when it is to be applied to display apparatuses or the like, because of its low strength. Membranes produced by other methods are difficult to simultaneously achieve low refractive index and sufficient strength. The present invention provides an anti-reflecting membrane which is formed at least on one side of a plate transmitting visible light, is composed of fine inorganic oxide particles and a binder, contains a number of pores inside, and has an arithmetic average surface roughness (Ra) below 6 nm. The present invention also provides preferred embodiments of the display apparatuses provided with the membrane.

Abstract: A display device substrate which meets requirements for weight reduction, thickness reduction, high reliability, good heat resistance, and good impact resistance all at once. The display device substrate is composed of a pair of glass sheets facing each other and a layer of plastics material interposed between said paired glass sheets in such a way that said glass sheets have an internal compressive strain ascribed to the plastic sheet. Thus, the very thin glass sheets are hardly liable to breakage. This makes light weight and reduced thickness compatible with reliability.

Abstract: A display device substrate which meets requirements for weight reduction, thickness reduction, high reliability, good heat resistance, and good impact resistance all at once. The display device substrate is composed of a pair of glass sheets facing each other and a layer of plastics material interposed between said paired glass sheets in such a way that said glass sheets have an internal compressive strain ascribed to the plastic sheet. Thus, the very thin glass sheets are hardly liable to breakage. This makes light weight and reduced thickness compatible with reliability.

Abstract: A display device substrate which meets requirements for weight reduction, thickness reduction, high reliability, good heat resistance, and good impact resistance all at one once. The display device substrate is composed of a pair of glass sheets facing each other and a layer of plastics material interposed between said paired glass sheets in such a way that said glass sheets have an internal compressive strain ascribed to the plastic sheet. Thus, the very thin glass sheets are hardly liable to breakage. This makes light weight and reduced thickness compatible with reliability.

Abstract: To provide a high-quality liquid crystal display device that does not produce an image sticking and that can realize high response speed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including: a first substrate; a second substrate arrange opposite the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate; a plurality of scanning lines arranged over the first substrate; a plurality of zigzag-shaped signal lines having bent portions, arranged crossing the scanning lines over the substrate; insulating films arranged over at least part of the signal lines; pixel electrodes matching the signal lines; and common electrodes matching the pixel electrodes and superposed over at least part of the signal lines via the insulating films, in which the bent portions of the zigzag-shaped signal lines are curved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including: a first substrate; a second substrate arranged opposite the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate; further provided with a plurality of scanning lines arranged over the first substrate; signal lines arranged over the first substrate to cross the scanning lines; pixels each composed matching an area surrounded by the scanning lines and the signal lines; pixel electrodes arranged over the first substrate and matching the signal lines; and common electrodes arranged over the first substrate and matching the pixel electrodes, wherein at least either of the first substrate and the second substrate is provided with unevenness to vary the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the light-transmissive regions of the same ones of the pixels.