Abstract: [Object] To provide a display device, a method for producing a display device, and a display apparatus of projection type, which are capable of suppressing deterioration of image quality attributable to a depressed space between pixel electrodes. [Solving Means] A display device of the present disclosure includes pixel electrodes formed for individual pixels and an insulating film for insulation between the pixel electrodes. The insulating film is so formed as to protrude from an electrode surface between the pixel electrodes. A display apparatus of projection type of the present disclosure uses the display device of the present disclosure as a light modulator to module light from a light source. A method for producing a display device of the present disclosure having pixel electrodes formed for individual pixels and an insulating film for insulation between the pixel electrodes includes forming the insulating film as to protrude between the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A multi-cell container includes a bag of substantially flat shape made of flexible film, a partition wall as a separable seal welding opposite inner surfaces of the bag and dividing an inner space of the bag into a plurality of compartments and an inlet-outlet port located at a periphery of the bag so as to be opened to one of the plurality of compartments for introduction and/or discharge of liquid. The partition wall has a horizontal section extending in a direction along the bottom of the bag and a vertical section bent therefrom and extending to the topside of the bag. A first larger volume compartment is formed on one side of the partition wall adjacent the bag bottom and a second smaller volume compartment is formed on the other side of the partition wall. The inlet-outlet port is opened to the first chamber.

Abstract: A display device of the present disclosure includes pixel electrodes formed for individual pixels and an insulating film for insulation between the pixel electrodes, wherein the insulating film is so formed as to protrude from an electrode surface between the pixel electrodes. A display apparatus of projection type of the present disclosure is provided with the display device of the present disclosure as the light modulator to module light from the light source. A method for producing a display device of the present disclosure having pixel electrodes formed for individual pixels and an insulating film for insulation between the pixel electrodes includes forming the insulating film as to protrude between the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A multi-cell container includes a bag of substantially flat shape made of flexible film, a partition wall as a separable seal welding opposite inner surfaces of the bag and dividing an inner space of the bag into a plurality of compartments and an inlet-outlet port located at a periphery of the bag so as to be opened to one of the plurality of compartments for introduction and/or discharge of liquid. The partition wall has a horizontal section extending in a direction along the bottom of the bag and a vertical section bent therefrom and extending to the topside of the bag. A first larger volume compartment is formed on one side of the partition wall adjacent the bag bottom and a second smaller volume compartment is formed on the other side of the partition wall. The inlet-outlet port is opened to the first chamber.

Abstract: A hydraulic control apparatus for a vehicle continuously variable transmission including a pressure regulating valve having a valve spool which operates depending upon a determined current speed ratio of the transmission and a currently detected required output of the vehicle engine, to generate a controlled belt tensioning pressure for controlling the tension of a transmission belt at a required minimum level. The apparatus further includes a device responsive to an electric signal, for generating a pilot pressure to be applied to the valve, and an electronic control device for calculating a basic output pressure of the valve, based on the current speed ratio and the currently required output, according to a stored predetermined relationship among these two parameters and the basic output pressure, to determine the electric signal so that the belt tensioning pressure coincides with the optimum value.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a power transmitting system for an automotive vehicle having a continuously variable transmission including an actuating device for controlling a speed ratio thereof, the transmission transmitting power from an engine to drive wheels. The apparatus includes a device for determining a running speed of the vehicle, a device for determining a deceleration value of the vehicle, and a controller for determining a deceleration reference value based on the determined vehicle speed, and according to a predetermined relationship between the determined vehicle speed and the deceleration reference value. If the deceleration value exceeds the reference value, the controller commands the actuating device of the transmission to lower the speed ratio in a rapid shift-down mode.

Abstract: A hydraulic control apparatus for a power transmitting system for an automotive vehicle having a continuously variable transmission which has a first and a second shaft, a pair of variable-diameter pulleys provided on the first and second shafts, a belt connecting the pulleys, and a pair of hydraulic actuators for changing diameters of the pulleys, wherein a tension of the belt is controlled by regulating an actuating pressure in a driven side actuator of the hydraulic actuators which is provided on a driven one of the two shafts. The apparatus includes a pressure regulating valve which has a valve spool for regulating the actuating pressure in the driven side actuator, and a pressure-reducing chamber for receiving a pressure-reducing pilot pressure for biasing the spool for reducing the actuating pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a vehicle continuously variable transmission, including a directional control valve having a first spool movable between a shift-down and a shift-up position, a flow control valve including a second spool movable between a flow-restricting and a non-restricting position, and a first and a second solenoid-operated valve for applying an actuating pressure to the first and second spools. The directional and flow control valves and the solenoid-operated valves are adapted such that the first and second spools are moved toward the shift-up and flow restricting positions, respectively, when the actuating pressure is not applied to the spools, or when solenoid coils of the two solenoid-operated valves are both off. The directional control valve may have a shift-down chamber for receiving a pilot pressure to move the first spool to the shift-down position when a failure of one of the solenoid coils exists while the vehicle speed is lower than a predetermined limit.

Abstract: A hydraulic control apparatus for a vehicle power transmitting system having a continuously variable transmission having a first and a second shaft, a pair of variable-diameter pulleys provided on the shafts, a belt connecting the pulleys, and two hydraulic actuators for changing diameters of the pulleys.

Abstract: A controlling method of a four wheel drive vehicle includes a detecting step and a controlling step. The detecting step detects difference in speeds between a front driving shaft and a rear driving shaft. The controlling step controls an apparatus for controlling a distribution ratio of driving torque of the four wheel drive vehicle so as to harmonize the difference in the speeds with a desired value.

Abstract: A hydraulic control device for controlling a belt-and-pulley type continuously variable transmission for a motor vehicle which has two variable-diameter pulleys connected by a belt, and two hydraulic actuators for changing effective diameters of the pulleys. The hydraulic control device includes a first and a second pressure regulating valve for adjusting a pressure of a fluid supplied from a hydraulic power source, respectively to a first line pressure and a second line pressure lower than the first line pressure, and a CVT shift control valve device for controlling a speed ratio of the transmission. The valve device includes a shift-direction switching directional control valve and a shift-speed control flow control valve.

Abstract: A controlling method of a four wheel drive vehicle includes a detecting step and a controlling step. The detecting step detects difference in speeds between a front driving shaft and a rear driving shaft. The controlling step controls an apparatus for controlling a distribution ratio of driving torque of the four wheel drive vehicle so as to harmonize the difference in the speeds with a desired value.

Abstract: A hydraulic control device for controlling a belt-and-pulley type continuously variable transmission for an automotive vehicle which includes an input and an output shaft, a pair of variable-diameter pulleys provided on the input and output shafts, respectively, a transmission belt connecting the pair of pulleys, and a pair of hydraulic actuators for changing effective diameters of the variable-diameter pulleys. The hydraulic control device further includes a shift control valve device for controlling pressures applied to the hydraulic actuators, to change the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission over a mechanically defined range, and a controller for applying a drive signal to the shift control valve device. The controller includes a device for limiting a value of the drive signal, so as to prevent the actual speed ratio of the transmission from reaching upper and lower limits of the mechanically defined range.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for a continuously variable transmission for an automotive vehicle, the transmission having a first and a second variable-diameter pulley provided on respective second shafts, a belt connecting the first and second pulleys, and a first and a second hydraulic cylinder for changing effective diameters of the pulleys. The system includes a first pressure regulating valve, a shift-control valve for applying the first line pressure to one of the cylinders, and a second pressure regulating valve for regulating a pressure of the fluid flowing from the other cylinder, and thereby establishing a second line pressure. The system further includes a control device for controlling the shift-control valve so that an actual speed ratio of the transmission coincides with a target speed ratio determined depending upon a running condition of the vehicle.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for a continuously variable transmission for an automotive vehicle, the transmission having a first and a second variable-diameter pulley provided on respective first and second shafts, a belt connecting the first and second pulleys, and a first and a second hydraulic cylinder for changing effective diameters of the first and second pulleys.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for a continuously variable transmission for an automotive vehicle, the transmission having a first and a second variable-diameter pulley provided on respective first and second shafts, a belt connecting the first and second pulleys, and a first and a second hydraulic cylinder for changing effective diameters of the first and second pulleys.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for a continuously variable transmission for an automotive vehicle, the transmission having a first and a second variable-diameter pulley provided on respective first and second shafts, a belt connecting the first and second pulleys, and a first and a second hydraulic cylinder for changing effective diameters of the first and second pulleys. The control system includes a shift-control valve receiving a first line pressure from said pressure source to one of the cylinders, while simultaneously permitting a flow of the fluid from the other cylinder. A second pressure line is connected to the shift-control valve to receive therefrom a pressure of the fluid flowing from above-indicated other cylinder. A pressure regulating valve regulates the pressure in the second pressure line, as a second line pressure lower than said first line pressure.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for a continuously variable transmission which has an input and an output variable-diameter pulley, a belt connecting the input and output pulleys, and a pair of cylinders for changing effective diameters of the pulleys. The control system includes a hydraulic source to supply a pressurized fluid for applying first and second line pressure to one and the other of the cylinders via a first and a second line, respectively.

Abstract: A device for varying an equivalent inertia moment of a flywheel comprises a flywheel, a manual transmission including an input shaft and an output shaft, a ring gear coupled to the flywheel, a sun gear coupled to the output shaft and a pinion engaging with the ring gear and the sun gear. A planetary gear mechanism consisting of the ring gear, the sun gear and the pinion increases the equivalent inertia moment of the flywheel during idling, at low speeds and decreases same during normal running, thereby suppressing vibration and noise during idling and improving response during normal running.