Abstract: A liquid crystal panel unit comprising an LCD panel having a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the substrates and a holding substrate for holding the LCD panel by rigidly securing one of the substrates thereto is characterized in that a plurality of protuberances are formed on the surface of the holding substrate at a side thereof and the one of the substrates is rigidly secured to the holding substrate with the side carrying the protuberances facing inside.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising one or more than one shift registers is characterized in that the timing of turning off the input gate of the inverter connected to the gate of the pMOS transistor of the CMOS transistor is earlier than that of the input gate of the inverter connected to the gate of the nMOS transistor of the CMOS transistor by the difference between the two MOS transistors in the time required for getting to a threshold level after turning off the input gate.

Abstract: The invention discloses a projection optical system for projecting an original image onto a projection surface. The projection optical system comprises a plurality of aspherical curved mirrors, which reflects image light from the original image in sequence and then forms an image on the projection surface. The projection optical system forms a projected image on the projection surface at an aspect ratio different from that of the original image by a combination of reflective actions of the image light on the aspherical surfaces of the plurality of aspherical curved mirrors. Even in a projection optical system having a wide angle of view and a short distance of projection, it is possible to implement a projection optical system that is capable of suppressing distortion and performing an optical aspect conversion.

Abstract: A matrix substrate having, on a substrate, a plurality of electroconductive members to constitute pixel electrodes arrayed in a matrix pattern and an electrically insulating member comprising a projecting region disposed between the electroconductive members to separate the pixel electrodes from each other. A metal material having a higher melting point than that of the electroconductive members is placed at the base of the projecting region.

Abstract: A matrix substrate includes a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, and a driving circuit region and a sealing region provided in the peripheral region of the plurality of pixel electrodes, a sealant, a spacer material and a liquid crystal material being disposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes and a counter substrate to constitute a liquid crystal display device. A first conductive layer is provided under the plurality of pixel electrodes, a second conductive layer is provided under the sealing region for arranging the sealant and the spacer material, and the first conductive layer is electrically separated from the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A matrix substrate having, on a substrate, a plurality of electroconductive members to constitute pixel electrodes arrayed in a matrix pattern, and an electrically insulating member comprising a projecting region disposed between the electroconductive members to separate the pixel electrodes from each other, wherein a metal material having a higher melting point than that of the electroconductive members is placed at the base of the projecting region.

Abstract: The present invention has as its object to provide a projection type image display apparatus such as a liquid crystal projector which keeps the uniformity of brightness and the feeling of sharpness and yet achieves a high quality of image called a high dynamic range. When movable stripe stop 20a disposed at a position whereat an integrator light source image is projected is stopped down to thereby make the amount of projection light small, the projection of unnecessary leak light or scattered light from a light modulating element P from a projection optical system PL1 is suppressed and a firm black display is provided. So, the amount of projection light is controlled in conformity with the maximum luminance level of an input image signal to thereby expand the display dynamic range after a uniform brightness distribution is maintained by the contrast between maximum luminance display and the firm black display.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a contact hole for connecting electroconductive films having a stepped profile with the top having a size greater than the bottom, the top size of the contact hole being defined in a self-aligning manner by another film disposed between said electroconductive films.

Abstract: It is an object of this invention to provide a high-quality, high-precision, large-screen display apparatus which can obtain a sufficient light beam reception angle with respect to an image display unit, improve imaging performance, and obtain a thin structure. There is provided a display apparatus for obliquely projecting light from an image display unit onto a projection optical system, wherein the projection optical system includes a plurality of aspherical curved mirrors and projects an image without distortion (1.2% or less).

Abstract: In order to provide a noise-free reliable projection type display apparatus which has no movable portion and can display a high quality full-color image, the following arrangement is proposed. In a projection type display apparatus which has an optical modulation device for displaying an image by controlling the reflected state of light, illumination units (1R, 1G, 1B) for irradiating the optical modulation device with R, G, and B color light components, and a projecting optical system for projecting reflected light components of the light components with which the optical modulation device is irradiated, and projects and displays an image formed by the optical modulation device, as the optical modulation device, a mirror array device for modulating light by controlling the tilt amounts of mirrors that form pixels is used.

Abstract: In order to provide a noise-free reliable projection type display apparatus which has no movable portion and can display a high quality full-color image, the following arrangement is proposed. In a projection type display apparatus which has an optical modulation device for displaying an image by controlling the reflected state of light, an illumination unit for irradiating the optical modulation device with light, and a projecting optical system for projecting reflected light components of the light components with which the optical modulation device is irradiated, and projects and displays an image formed by the optical modulation device, as the optical modulation device, a mirror array device for modulating light by controlling the tilt amounts of mirrors that form pixels is used.

Abstract: A projection type image-display apparatus comprises a write signal processing means for modulating the write signal transmitted to an optical modulator, a projected light quantity control means for controlling the quantity of light transmitted or reflected by the optical modulator and a control signal generation means for controlling the write signal processing means and the projected light quantity control means. The control signal generation means is adapted to control the operation of controlling the quantity of projected light of the projected light quantity control means and that of modulating the write signal of the write signal processing means on the basis of the brightness level of the input image signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising one or more than one shift registers is characterized in that the timing of turning off the input gate of the inverter connected to the gate of the pMOS transistor of the CMOS transistor is earlier than that of the input gate of the inverter connected to the gate of the nMOS transistor of the CMOS transistor by the difference between the two MOS transistors in the time required for getting to a threshold level after turning off the input gate.

Abstract: A matrix substrate includes a plurality of conductive members constituting pixels provided on a substrate, the plurality of conductive members forming substantially a smooth plane, wherein the matrix substrate further comprises a nonconductive section for insulating the plurality of conductive members from each other, the distance between two adjacent conductive members being lower at the surfaces of the conductive members than at the side of the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a matrix substrate in which a plurality of pixel electrodes are arrayed in a matrix pattern correspondence to colors of R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue), an opposite substrate in which an opposite electrode is placed opposite to the pixel electrodes, and a liquid crystal material having negative dielectric anisotropy, the liquid crystal material being placed between the matrix substrate and the opposite substrate, wherein there are provided an alignment layer of polyimide with a vertical alignment property and a microlens array having a plurality of microlenses, the microlenses being provided at a pitch of two pixels relative to an array of the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a contact hole for connecting electroconductive films having a stepped profile with the top having a size greater than the bottom, the top size of the contact hole being defined in a self-aligning manner by another film disposed between said electroconductive films.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel unit comprising an LCD panel having a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the substrates and a holding substrate for holding the LCD panel by rigidly securing one of the substrates thereto is characterized in that a plurality of protuberances are formed on the surface of the holding substrate at a side thereof and the one of the substrates is rigidly secured to the holding substrate with the side carrying the protuberances facing inside.

Abstract: Areas of the micro-lenses of a liquid crystal display apparatus where aberration is remarkable are shielded from light and the accuracy of alignment of the components of the apparatus is improved. The liquid crystal display apparatus comprises a plurality of pixel electrodes adapted to be charged with electricity according to video signals and arranged two-dimensionally on a semiconductor substrate, a liquid crystal layer arranged on said plurality of pixel electrodes, a transparent electroconductive film arranged on said liquid crystal layer and a plurality of micro-lenses adapted to focusing rays of polarized light entering them from above respectively on the corresponding pixel electrodes and arranged on the transparent substrate and above said transparent electroconductive film and is characterized in that a light-shielding layer is arranged on said plurality of micro-lenses to block the rays of light entering a peripheral area of each of said plurality of micro-lenses.

Abstract: A display panel is characterized by a pixel unit array comprising pixel units having a combination of two of, first, second and third three color pixels disposed in a first direction and a combination of two color pixels differing from the combination of the two color pixels disposed in a second direction differing from the first direction, so as to share a color pixel, the pixel units being two-dimensionally arranged at a predetermined pitch on a substrate, and a microlens array comprising a plurality of microlenses in which the pitch of the two color pixels in the first direction and the second direction is one pitch, the plurality of microlenses being two-dimensionally arranged on the pixel unit array on the substrate.

Abstract: In a process for forming an interlayer insulating film using an SOG film, a process for manufacturing an interlayer insulating film comprising the steps of irradiating a first inorganic SOG film with ultraviolet light in an atmosphere containing oxygen components to generate ozone and active oxygen atoms in order to irradiate the SOG film with the atoms, and further forming a second inorganic SOG film thereon.