Abstract: A nozzle for continuous casting of clean steel is capable of preventing adhesion of Al2O3-based inclusions to a wall surface of the inner hole of the nozzle while fully achieving an effect of a swirl vane. The swirl vane prevents drift in molten steel passing through the inner hole. The swirl vane is disposed in the inner hole. A wall surface is at least partly formed as a tubular-shaped refractory layer and is prepared by controlling a weight ratio of CaO/MgO and an apparent porosity to have a thickness of 3 to 20 mm, so as to prevent adhesion of Al2O3-based inclusions to the wall surface and the swirl vane while effectively maintaining the anti-drift effect for long hours. Further, inert gas is injected into a molten steel flow between an upper nozzle and the swirl vane to facilitate surfacing of Al2O3-based inclusions in a mold and reduce Al2O3-based inclusions in molten steel so as to achieve stable casting operation and high-quality steel with high cleanness.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nozzle for continuous casting of clean steel, capable of preventing adhesion of Al2O3-based inclusions to a wall surface of the inner hole of the nozzle while fully achieving an effect of a swirl vane provided as a means to prevent occurrence of drift in molten steel passing through the inner hole. The swirl vane is disposed in the inner hole having the wall surface at least partly formed as a tubular-shaped refractory layer prepared by controlling a weight ratio of CaO/MgO and an apparent porosity to have a thickness of 3 to 20 mm, so as to prevent adhesion of Al2O3-based inclusions to the wall surface and the swirl vane while effectively maintaining the anti-drift effect for long hours. Further, inert gas is injected into a molten steel flow between an upper nozzle and the swirl vane to facilitate surfacing of Al2O3-based inclusions in a mold and reduce Al2O3-based inclusions in molten steel so as to achieve stable casting operation and high-quality steel with high cleanness.

Abstract: A casting apparatus for low-melting metals has a coating layer of two-layered structure which hardly reacts with low-melting metals, adheres firmly to the substrate, and protects the substrate from thermal and mechanical shocks for a long period of time. The layer in contact with the substrate contains glass powder having a melting point below 1000.degree. C. and at least one binder selected from silicates and phosphates. The layer in contact with molten metal contains 5-80 wt. % of at least one fluorine compound (as a corrosion resistant material) having a melting point of above 700.degree. C. Owing to the multiple layers, each having a specialized function, the casting apparatus has improved durability over a long period of time.

Abstract: Impurities containing a pungent taste component are removed from a hot red pepper oleoresin as a starting material therefrom by a supercritical gas extraction method using a carbon dioxide as an extracting reagent, and the extraction residue is used as a red coloring matter. Even when the hot red pepper is used as the raw material, the invention can provide a natural red coloring matter evaluated as having "no pungent taste" by an organoleptic test. When the natural red coloring matter is prepared from the hot red pepper as the raw material by the supercritical gas extraction method, the invention can drastically reduce the gas pressure of the extracting reagent in comparison with the prior art.

Abstract: A ceramic coating bonded to an iron tubular member comprising a bonding layer formed on a surface of the iron tubular member by a reaction of an iron tubular oxide layer of the iron tubular member and a silicate; and an iron oxide diffusion-preventing layer produced from fine metal oxide particles or an organometallic binder by firing on a surface of the bonding layer. The ceramic coating may further comprises an oxidation-preventing layer, a heat-insulating layer, a refractory layer or a thin dense protective layer. It may be produced by coating the surface of the iron tubular member with a silicate binder to form a layer which is then converted to a bonding layer by a heat treatment in a steam atmosphere; coating the surface of the bonding layer with fine metal oxide particles or an organometallic binder to form an iron oxide diffusion-preventing layer; and after curing and drying firing the resulting ceramic coating in an atmosphere having an oxygen partial pressure of 10 mmHg or less.

Abstract: An apparatus for connecting strips, in which a rear end portion of a preceding strip and a front end portion of a succeeding strip are cut and brought into contact to each other so that a butt welding of the contacted portions may be carried out to connect both the strips. A carriage is provided for carrying a cutting device for cutting the end portions of both the strips. A finish-machining device is provided for finish-machining the cut end faces of both the strips and a welding device for butt welding both the strips along a contacting line of both the strips is installed so as to be movable in a line substantially parallel with the contacting line of both the strips. Die wears and burrs incidental to cut faces can be prevented from forming and the highly accurate contacted state of strips can be achieved, thereby improving the quality of the welded portion.

Abstract: A ceramic coating bonded to a metal member comprising a bonding layer formed by the reaction of an oxide layer formed on a surface of said metal member in advance and a silicated; and an anti-oxidizing first ceramic layer formed on said bonding layer and comprising inorganic flaky particles burned to have a cross-linked laminate structure.