Abstract: An anti-reflective coating-forming composition comprising: (A) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (i) a compound represented by the following formula (1): Si(OR1)a(OR2)b(OR3)c(OR4)d  (1) (ii) a compound represented by the following formula (2): R5Si(OR6)e(OR7)f(OR8)g  (2) and (iii) a compound represented by the following formula (3): R9R10Si(OR11)h(OR12)I  (3) and (B) a thermosetting resin which can be condensed to said component (A) and has an absorption capacity with respect to exposing light.

Abstract: An anti-reflective coating-forming composition comprising: (A) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (i) a compound represented by the following formula (1):

Abstract: To analyze symbolized time series data in units of a case and extract a causal relation included in the data as a rule representing a data structure, time series data are stored as records of a symbol and a time by a symbolized data management apparatus, and a unit of description of an analysis is determined by a case production apparatus and a classification apparatus. A model extraction apparatus extracts a data structure included in a class by case and outputs the extracted data structure as a rule. Analysis results are output as a temporal relationship between a case and a rule, indicating a conformity degree between cases, by the symbolized data management apparatus.

Abstract: A covering is applied onto the outer surface of a pile including a steel pipe or the like to surround a predetermined length thereof so as to reduce a frost heaving force or negative friction acting on the pile in a frigid area. The covering is closely adhered by an adhesion layer the like to the pile over a given length thereof. This given length is between 0.5 and 5 m. The covering member includes a smooth-surfaced plastic covering or elastic covering. A rugged surface covering may be provided below the smooth surfaced covering.

Abstract: A frost damage proofed pile for installment in a frigid district where the pile is subjected to a freezing and frost heaving force, such as permanently or seasonally frozen soil terrain. A tubular sheath member is fitted over the pile surface and has a length longer than the thickness of an active or seasonally frozen soil layer of the terrain in which the pile is installed. At least a portion of said length of the pile is formed as an extensible section, and at least the lower end of said sheath member is secured to the pile at or below a position corresponding to the bottom region of said active or seasonally frozen soil layer. A fluid material is filled in a space defined between the pile and the sheath member. The frost heaving force caused to exist upon freezing of the active or seasonally frozen soil layer as well as negative friction caused to exist in summer are inhibited from affecting the pile due to sliding of the sheath member relative to the pile.