Abstract: A novel carbon material is obtained by bending at least one carbon atom layer of graphite in at least one selected region along either, or both, of lines I and II in FIG. 1. The bending can be accomplished by scanningly picking the carbon atom layer(s) with a probe of an atomic force microscope or another scanning microscope. The obtained carbon material has at least one round bend having a width of 0.1-10 nm and at least one flap region having a triangular, rectangular or still differently polygonal shape in plan view. When the carbon atom layer(s) is bent with very small radii of curvature, a finely striped ridge-and-groove structure appears in the round bend. The physical properties of the obtained carbon material are uniquely determined by the direction(s) of bending, width of each bend, shape and size of each flap region and the stripe pitch of the ridge-and-groove structure.

Abstract: A silicon clathrate compound of the following composition:(Li.sub.4).sub.x Ae.sub.6 Si.sub.46wherein (Li.sub.4) represents a Li.sub.4 cluster; Ae is an alkaline earth metal element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca; and x is the number ratio of the Li.sub.4 complex to the other elements and 0<x.ltoreq.2, which contains, as the structural units of crystals, Si.sub.46 clusters, each of which consists of Si.sub.20 clusters and Si.sub.24 clusters with cage structures formed by silicon atoms as the framework of the crystal and at least part of said Si.sub.24 clusters encapsulate alkaline earth metal atoms inside the cage, and at least part of the Si.sub.20 clusters encapsulate Li.sub.4 inside the cage.

Abstract: A novel carbon material is obtained by bending at least one carbon atom layer of graphite in at least one selected region along either, or both, of lines I and II in FIG. 1. The bending can be accomplished by scanningly picking the carbon atom layer(s) with a probe of an atomic force microscope or another scanning microscope. The obtained carbon material has at least one round bend having a width of 0.1-10 nm and at least one flap region having a triangular, rectangular or still differently polygonal shape in plan view. When the carbon atom layer(s) is bent with very small radii of curvature, a finely striped ridge-and-groove structure appears in the round bend. The physical properties of the obtained carbon material are uniquely determined by the direction(s) of bending, width of each bend, shape and size of each flap region and the stripe pitch of the ridge-and-groove structure.

Abstract: A superconducting material higher in superconducting transition temperature and superconducting volume ratio than any conventional one is provided, which comprises a fullerene doped with rubidium and cesium. This fullerene system superconducting material makes it possible to improve both the superconducting transition temperature and superconducting volume ratio by having rubidium and cesium doped thereinto compared with any conventional fullerene systems. If the chemical composition of this super conducting material is expressed as Rb.sub.x Cs.sub.y C.sub.n, x and y are arbitrary if an equation x+y=3 is satisfied, preferable to be x=2 and y=1, further preferable to be x=1 and y=s. The superconducting transition temperature Tc and superconducting volume ratio when x=1 and y=2 or x=2 and y=1 are superior to those when x=3 and y=0 or x=0 and y=3, respectively.

Abstract: A mixture of an alkali soluble resin and either a quinonediazide compound or poly(2-methylpentene-1-sulfone provides a positive acting resist material, which is very high in a critical exposure dose at which the resist begins to gel by radiation-induced crosslinking. By using this resist material in direct delineation of patterns with ionizing radiation, the problem of gelling of the resist film in the areas repeatedly scanned for the detection of the alignment marks is obviated. A novolac resin comprising a t-butylphenol or phenylphenol segment is suitable as the alkali soluble resin.