Abstract: There is provided an X-ray composite apparatus capable of performing, with one unit, X-ray CT and element analysis by fluorescent X-rays. The X-ray composite apparatus 100 includes an X-ray source 110 generating cone beam X-rays, a sample support 150 holding a sample S, collimator parts 130 and 140 capable of narrowing the cone beam X-rays to form parallel X-rays, depending on the intended use, between the X-ray source and the sample support 150, a two-dimensional detector 170 detecting the cone beam X-rays transmitted through the sample S, and a fluorescent X-ray detector 176 detecting fluorescent X-rays radiated from the sample S, and when the apparatus is used for X-ray CT, the apparatus irradiates the sample with the cone beam X-rays, while when the apparatus is used for fluorescent X-ray analysis, the apparatus irradiates the sample S with the parallel X-rays.

Abstract: There is provided an X-ray composite apparatus capable of performing, with one unit, X-ray CT and element analysis by fluorescent X-rays. The X-ray composite apparatus 100 includes an X-ray source 110 generating cone beam X-rays, a sample support 150 holding a sample S, collimator parts 130 and 140 capable of narrowing the cone beam X-rays to form parallel X-rays, depending on the intended use, between the X-ray source and the sample support 150, a two-dimensional detector 170 detecting the cone beam X-rays transmitted through the sample S, and a fluorescent X-ray detector 176 detecting fluorescent X-rays radiated from the sample S, and when the apparatus is used for X-ray CT, the apparatus irradiates the sample with the cone beam X-rays, while when the apparatus is used for fluorescent X-ray analysis, the apparatus irradiates the sample S with the parallel X-rays.

Abstract: Texts including required message are entered with a small number of keys such as those of a cellular telephone. In this case, a conversion table is unnecessary and the number of key operations is reduced. The number of input characters or input character strings composed by sequentially selecting one from a plurality of alphabets distributed to sequentially entered keys is relevant to the number of operation keys (N) raised to the number of distributed character (M) power (=NM) including meaningless characters or character strings and, with respect to these, character conversion is executed by referring to a dictionary means, through the operation of the conversion/next candidate key. The dictionary means stores numeric strings and words of meaningful characters or character strings among the said characters and character strings.

Abstract: A space-efficient imaging-plate-type X-ray diffraction apparatus featuring an expanded 2&thgr; goniometry range, high speed, high resolution, and design for convenient use is provided. The imaging-plate-type X-ray diffraction apparatus includes an X-ray measurement device composed of an X-ray optical system (5) and a goniometer (1) and is adapted to cause a single-crystal sample (3) to diffract X-rays. A cylindrical imaging plate (21) is disposed vertically so as to record X-rays diffracted by the sample (3), and covering a 2&thgr; goniometry range of −60° to +144°. A drive motor (11) and a transmission mechanism (12) transfer the cylindrical imaging plate vertically; and a rotary reader (20) is disposed so as to be coaxial with the transferred cylindrical imaging plate (21) and is adapted to read data of diffracted X-rays from an inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical imaging plate (21).

Abstract: Texts including required message are entered with a small number of keys such as those of a cellular telephone. In this case, a conversion table is unnecessary and the number of key operations is reduced. The number of input characters or input character strings composed by sequentially selecting one from a plurality of alphabets distributed to sequentially entered keys is relevant to the number of operation keys (N) raised to the number of distributed character (M) power (−NM) including meaningless characters or character strings and, with respect to these, character conversion is executed by referring to a dictionary means, through the operation of the conversion/next candidate key.

Abstract: Texts including required message are entered with a small number of keys such as those of a cellular telephone. In this case, a conversion table is unnecessary and the number of key operations is reduced. The number of input characters or input character strings composed by sequentially selecting one from a plurality of alphabets distributed to sequentially entered keys is relevant to the number of operation keys (N) raised to the number of distributed character (M) power (=NM) including meaningless characters or character strings and, with respect to these, character conversion is executed by referring to a dictionary means, through the operation of the conversion next candidate key. The dictionary means stores numeric strings and words of meaningful characters or character strings among the said characters and character strings.

Abstract: A thermal head comprises a plurality of parallelogrammatic resistors for generating heat formed on an insulated substrate made of, such as ceramics or alumina. The resistors are aligned at regular intervals, and one pair of opposite sides of each resistor are connected individually to lead electrodes. These opposite sides are equal to or longer than the other opposite sides, and an acute angle formed between each two intersecting sides is 45.degree. or less. The resistor is heated by various electric currents to record printing dots of various sizes.

Abstract: A thermal head is used on a thermal transfer recording apparatus which can record a continuous, fine line or curve by recording many dots, by a thermal transfer system, on a recording sheet. The thermal head comprises a one-dimensional array of heat generation element groups each comprised of a plurality of heat generation elements, such as heat generation resistors of, for example, a parallelogram, a diamond or an elliptic configuration, continuously arranged in a direction perpendicular to that in which recording is made on a recording sheet and lead electrodes connected adjacent to each other in predetermined positions, in which the longitudinal sides of the heat generation resistors are made oblique at a predetermined angle.

Abstract: A first lead electrode and a second lead electrode are disposed in such a manner as to be offset from each other in a horizontal scanning direction with a heating resistor interposed therebetween, and the width of a major portion of the heating resistor in the horizontal scanning direction is formed to be larger than the widths of the two lead electrodes in the same direction. It can be considered that peripheral portions of the heating resistor where their calorific value is essentially small are partially cut off together with parts of the lead electrodes at opposite ends thereof within the range that does not adversely affect the modulation of a heating area. Heat efficiency can be improved by supressing thermal diffusions in the peripheral portions where the calorific value is small, thereby contributing to recording of a clearer half-tone image.