Abstract: Electric characteristics such as a change of an electric power, a change of a voltage and a change of a current supplied from a discharge lamp lighting apparatus to a discharge lamp from a lighting start time to a stable lighting time are detected in a preceding lighting operation and is stored in a storage circuit. In a present lighting operation, a type of the discharge lamp is detected in a control circuit according to the electric characteristics of the preceding lighting operation, a duty ratio of a control signal supplied to a switching transistor is controlled by the control circuit to produce a typical electric power of typical electric characteristics appropriate to the judged type of the discharge lamp in the discharge lamp lighting apparatus and to light the discharge lamp according to the typical electric power of the typical electric characteristic.

Abstract: Electric characteristics such as a change of an electric power, a change of a voltage and a change of a current supplied from a discharge lamp lighting apparatus to a discharge lamp from a lighting start time to a stable lighting time are detected in a preceding lighting operation and is stored in a storage circuit. In a present lighting operation, a type of the discharge lamp is detected in a control circuit according to the electric characteristics of the preceding lighting operation, a duty ratio of a control signal supplied to a switching transistor is controlled by the control circuit to produce a typical electric power of typical electric characteristics appropriate to the judged type of the discharge lamp in the discharge lamp lighting apparatus and to light the discharge lamp according to the typical electric power of the typical electric characteristic.

Abstract: A process for producing a phenylalkanoic acid amide of the formula [3] by reacting a carboxylic acid of the formula [1] with a dehydrating agent to produce an oxazolinone compound of the formula [2] and then reacting the oxazolinone compound with methyllithium or a methylmagnesium halide and an intermediate for producing the phenylalkanoic acid compound.

Abstract: A vehicle controller is provided for supplying a driving current to a large current load. A smoothing capacitor is previously charged to reduce the ripple component in an operating current. Thereafter, a relay contact is closed and the operating current is supplied to a load from a DC power unit. Thus, the rush current to the capacitor is reduced when supplying the operating current to the load through the relay contact. It is, therefore, possible to use a relay having a contact current capacity smaller than that of a conventional relay and requiring less cost and reduce the product cost.

Abstract: A cutting edge 18 is provided on the end of a cutter tip 12 on a gun drill body 1. The cutting edge 18 has: a radially inner region providing a convex curved cutting edge portion 23, a radially outer region providing a straight cutting edge portion 19 and an intermediate region which provides a concave cutting edge portion 22 having a tapered portion 20 and a concave portion 21. The convex curved cutting edge portion 23, when viewed in the direction of the axis O, presents an arc shape, the radius R of the curvature of which is determined in relation to the outside diameter D of the gun drill so as to range from 0.1.times.D to 0.4.times.D. Thus, a gun drill is provided which exhibits an enhanced severing effect to cut metal chips into pieces so as to prevent clogging, as well as to prevent an increase in the cutting resistance, thus meeting the demand for a greater feed rate.