Abstract: Polynucleotides comprising the following base sequences: (a) a base sequence encoding a fusion protein of a nuclease-deficient CRISPR effector protein and a transcription activator, and (b) a base sequence encoding a guide RNA targeting a continuous region of 18 to 24 nucleotides in length in a region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 104, 105, 135, 141, 153, 167, or 172 in the expression regulatory region of human Utrophin gene are expected to be useful for treating or preventing DUCHENNE muscular dystrophy or BECKER muscular dystrophy.

Abstract: Polynucleotides comprising the following base sequences: (a) a base sequence encoding a fusion protein of a nuclease-deficient CRISPR effector protein and a transcription activator, and (b) a base sequence encoding a guide RNA targeting a continuous region of 18 to 24 nucleotides in length in a region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 104, 105, 135, 141, 153, 167, or 172 in the expression regulatory region of human Utrophin gene are expected to be useful for treating or preventing DUCHENNE muscular dystrophy or BECKER muscular dystrophy.

Abstract: A pathologic animal model characterized in that a pain or discomfort behavior and urinary frequency are induced by administering a stimulative substance into the testes of a small-sized mammal, and a screening method for a therapeutic agent for pelvic pain syndrome, particularly non-bacterial chronic prostatitis, which comprises administering a test substance to the pathologic animal model and measuring pain or discomfort behaviors and/or urinary frequency.

Abstract: [Problem] Provided is an agent for preventing or treating diseases accompanied by urinary pain. [Means for Solution] A pyridyl non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic-1-carboxylate compound or a salt thereof was confirmed to have not only an action of increasing effective bladder capacity but also an analgesic action against bladder pain and testis pain, based on FAAH inhibitory action. Accordingly, the pyridyl non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic-1-carboxylate compound or a salt thereof can be used for preventing or treating interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and/or chronic nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Abstract: A pathologic animal model characterized in that a pain or discomfort behavior and urinary frequency are induced by administering a stimulative substance into the testes of a small-sized mammal, and a screening method for a therapeutic agent for pelvic pain syndrome, particularly non-bacterial chronic prostatitis, which comprises administering a test substance to the pathologic animal model and measuring pain or discomfort behaviors and/or urinary frequency.