Abstract: A placement apparatus for placing a workpiece is provided. The placement apparatus includes a stage on which a workpiece can be placed in a processing vessel; an edge ring including a locking part which is disposed on the stage so as to surround a periphery of the workpiece; a conductive connecting member connected with the edge ring at the locking part; and a first contacting member configured to cause the edge ring to contact the stage, while the edge ring is connected with the connecting member.

Abstract: A placement apparatus for placing a workpiece is provided. The placement apparatus includes a stage on which a workpiece can be placed in a processing vessel; an edge ring including a locking part which is disposed on the stage so as to surround a periphery of the workpiece; a conductive connecting member connected with the edge ring at the locking part; and a first contacting member configured to cause the edge ring to contact the stage, while the edge ring is connected with the connecting member.

Abstract: A placement apparatus for placing a workpiece is provided. The placement apparatus includes a stage on which a workpiece can be placed in a processing vessel; an edge ring including a locking part which is disposed on the stage so as to surround a periphery of the workpiece; a conductive connecting member connected with the edge ring at the locking part; and a first contacting member configured to cause the edge ring to contact the stage, while the edge ring is connected with the connecting member.

Abstract: A particle collecting apparatus includes a cylindrical housing, a gap forming unit, a supply port and an intake port. The cylindrical housing has a closed top and an open bottom facing a target object. The gap forming unit is configured to form a gap having a predetermined distance between the bottom and the target object. The supply port is formed at the opening of the bottom in an annular shape along an inner wall of the housing and configured to supply a gas to the target object. The intake port is provided closer to a central axis of the supply port than the supply port and configured to suck particles on the target object.

Abstract: A placement apparatus for placing a workpiece is provided. The placement apparatus includes a stage on which a workpiece can be placed in a processing vessel; an edge ring including a locking part which is disposed on the stage so as to surround a periphery of the workpiece; a conductive connecting member connected with the edge ring at the locking part; and a first contacting member configured to cause the edge ring to contact the stage, while the edge ring is connected with the connecting member.

Abstract: A particle collecting apparatus includes a cylindrical housing, a gap forming unit, a supply port and an intake port. The cylindrical housing has a closed top and an open bottom facing a target object. The gap forming unit is configured to form a gap having a predetermined distance between the bottom and the target object. The supply port is formed at the opening of the bottom in an annular shape along an inner wall of the housing and configured to supply a gas to the target object. The intake port is provided closer to a central axis of the supply port than the supply port and configured to suck particles on the target object.

Abstract: The determination method of the present invention includes steps of measuring equol in a biological sample derived from a subject who has ingested soybean isoflavone by an immunological method using S-equol as at least one antigen selected from the group consisting of the standard antigen and the labeled antigen, and determining an equol-producing ability of the subject based on the measured value of equol obtained in the above step.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring equol in a biological sample by an immunological method, a kit for the measurement, and a method for determining equol-producing ability of a subject. The measurement method of the present invention is characterized in that S-equol is used as at least one antigen selected from the group consisting of a standard antigen used for the preparation of a standard curve and a labeled antigen that competes with equol in a biological sample. The kit of the present invention is characterized in including S-equol as at least one antigen selected from the group consisting of the standard antigen and the labeled antigen.

Abstract: At least two light beam detection units are spaced at a predetermined distance and provided in the scanning direction of a surface to be scanned. A light beam is emitted to the light beam detection unit provided on a scanning start side, by lighting a light beam source which is employed to scan the surface linearly during a scanning period equivalent to 1 dot during scanning. A light beam is emitted to the light beam detection unit provided on a scanning end side, by lighting the light beam source during the scanning period after elapse of a light-off period computed from a previously designed scanning speed and the predetermined distance. Based on a detection result of the light beam detection unit provided on the scanning start side and a detection result of the light beam detection unit provided on the scanning end side, scanning characteristics required of the light beam are evaluated.

Abstract: At least two light beam detection units are spaced at a predetermined distance and provided in the scanning direction of a surface to be scanned. A light beam is emitted to the light beam detection unit provided on a scanning start side, by lighting a light beam source which is employed to scan the surface linearly during a scanning period equivalent to 1 dot during scanning. A light beam is emitted to the light beam detection unit provided on a scanning end side, by lighting the light beam source during the scanning period after elapse of a light-off period computed from a previously designed scanning speed and the predetermined distance. Based on a detection result of the light beam detection unit provided on the scanning start side and a detection result of the light beam detection unit provided on the scanning end side, scanning characteristics required of the light beam are evaluated.

Abstract: At least two light beam detection units are spaced at a predetermined distance and provided in the scanning direction of a surface to be scanned. A light beam is emitted to the light beam detection unit provided on a scanning start side, by lighting a light beam source which is employed to scan the surface linearly during a scanning period equivalent to 1 dot during scanning. A light beam is emitted to the light beam detection unit provided on a scanning end side, by lighting the light beam source during the scanning period after elapse of a light-off period computed from a previously designed scanning speed and the predetermined distance. Based on a detection result of the light beam detection unit provided on the scanning start side and a detection result of the light beam detection unit provided on the scanning end side, scanning characteristics required of the light beam are evaluated.

Abstract: At least two light beam detection units are spaced at a predetermined distance and provided in the scanning direction of a surface to be scanned. A light beam is emitted to the light beam detection unit provided on a scanning start side, by lighting a light beam source which is employed to scan the surface linearly during a scanning period equivalent to 1 dot during scanning. A light beam is emitted to the light beam detection unit provided on a scanning end side, by lighting the light beam source during the scanning period after elapse of a light-off period computed from a previously designed scanning speed and the predetermined distance. Based on a detection result of the light beam detection unit provided on the scanning start side and a detection result of the light beam detection unit provided on the scanning end side, scanning characteristics required of the light beam are evaluated.

Abstract: Steam is contacted with a hydrogen absorbing alloy in a temperature range from 200.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. With a contact catalytic reaction of water, a metal contained in the hydrogen absorbing alloy is changed to an oxide or a hydroxide. Hydrogen produced causes the Ni compound to be reduced and thereby the Ni metal that is catalytically active is produced. Thus, the surface of the hydrogen absorbing alloy is activated. The steam is contained in an inert gas or a reductive gas. This treatment method is suitable as an activation treatment for a hydrogen absorbing alloy used as an active material of a negative electrode of a secondary battery.

Abstract: An electrode for a sealed nickel/metal hydride battery and a method of manufacturing the same, which is capable of suppressing a decrease in the charging reserve of a hydrogen-storage alloy electrode (negative electrode) and an increase in the internal pressure of the battery, is provided. The hydrogen-storage alloy electrode is formed using a tackifier or a binder which is prepared from an organic polymer material containing the ether linkage (--O--), for example, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide , or polybutylene oxide. The specified material is suitably hydrophilic, and it exhibits an oxidation resistance which is much higher than that of a conventional material containing the hydroxyl group (--OH). Therefore, the specified material is especially resistant to oxidation and decomposition at the positive electrode of the battery and can significantly reduce the production of hydrogen attributed to the oxidation and decomposition.

Abstract: An apparatus for decreasing nitrogen oxides in a combustion device of Stirling engine which performs continuous combustion includes a combustion chamber, means for supplying the combustion chamber with fuel and air, an exhaust passageway for discharging exhaust gas produced by combustion in the combustion chamber, a catalytic unit arranged in the exhaust passageway for purging toxic components contained in the exhaust gas discharged, and hydrogen supply means for supplying hydrogen gas to the exhaust gas which enters the catalytic unit. The hydrogen gas is supplied to the combustion exhaust gas which has entered the catalytic unit, and the combustion exhaust gas is then catalytically reduced in an environment of a comparatively low temperatures of less than 250.degree. C., whereby the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are decreased.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator includes a water tank adapted to form a water chamber, and a water electrolysis cell disposed in the water tank. The water electrolysis cell includes a proton conductive membrane, an oxygen generator chamber side separator adapted to form an oxygen generator chamber, and a hydrogen generator chamber side separator adapted to form a hydrogen generator chamber, and a hydrogen outlet passage adapted to discharge generated hydrogen out of the hydrogen generator chamber. The oxygen generator chamber side separator includes a communicator passage adapted to communicate the oxygen generator chamber with the water chamber. The hydrogen generator obviates the manifolds of the conventional hydrogen generators in which the generated oxygen is likely to stagnate and hinder the water supply, and accordingly it can inhibit the hydrogen gas generating capability from deteriorating.

Abstract: A direct current voltage is applied between an anodic portion containing an oxidizing catalyst provided on one surface of a proton conductive solid electrolyte which separates the flow path of the gas to be treated into two parts, and a cathodic portion containing a reducing catalyst provided on the other surface of the solid electrolyte, the reducing catalyst comprising at least one selected from oxides of elements of Group 5A, Group 6A, and Group 7A of the periodic table, palladium, palladium alloys, transition elements carried on alumina, cerium oxide, and La.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x Co.sub.1-y Fe.sub.y O.sub.3 (where, 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1), while bringing a gas containing water vapor into contact with the anodic portion and bringing a gas containing nitrogen oxides into contact with the cathodic portion.

Abstract: Hydrogen gas from a hydrogen generator which creates hydrogen gas by the electrolysis of water or water vapor is supplied at the entrance to a catalyzer provided in an exhaust line. The catalyzer performs a catalytic reaction between hydrogen gas and nitrogen oxides to achieve decomposition into nitrogen gas and water vapor in the exhaust from an internal combustion engine. The nitrogen oxides are directly reduced with said hydrogen gas in a low temperature atmosphere not higher than 350.degree. C. to achieve efficient reduction in the nitrogen oxides. The improved method and apparatus provide a catalytic system with which the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust from a lean burnt engine or a diesel engine can be effectively reduced irrespective of the concentration of oxygen gas in the exhaust without impairing the good fuel economy of those engines.

Abstract: An electrolyte for electrochromic elements which comprises an electrolytic base material to conduct ions and charge-controlling substances contained in the electrolytic base material. The electrolytic base material is composed of a polar organic solvent and a supporting electrolyte and the charge-controlling substance is at least one of oxidizable substances and reducible substances. This electrolyte enables to produce durable electrochromic elements which can balance the charges in both electrodes and avoid a residual color or an uneven color of coloring materials.