Abstract: A variably operated valve system includes: a planar section cut out an outer peripheral surface of a control shaft in order for a linkage member to be grasped from an axial direction of the control shaft; a bolt hole drilled along a diameter direction of the control shaft via an oil passage from the planar section and having a female screw formed at a position of the control shaft which is an opposite side to the planar section; and a limitation section having a convexity section disposed on either one of the linkage member and the planar section and a recess section disposed on the other of the linkage member and the planar section to be fitted into the convexity section, a fixture bolt being screwed and tightened to the bolt hole via a bolt inserting hole of the linkage member to fix the linkage member to the control shaft.

Abstract: In a valve actuation apparatus of an internal combustion engine employing a motion converter for converting a rotary motion of a drive cam into an oscillating motion of a rockable cam, the rockable cam has a cam contour surface, for operating an engine valve by the oscillating motion. The cam contour surface is contoured to have a valve-opening small lift area through which the cam contour surface extends from a base-circle area, a valve-opening middle lift area extending continuously from the valve-opening small lift area toward a cam-nose portion, and a valve-opening large lift area extending continuously from the valve-opening middle lift area toward a cam-nose top. A radius of curvature ?2 of a part of the valve-opening middle lift area, bordering the valve-opening small lift area, is set to be less than a radius of curvature ?3 of the valve-opening large lift area.

Abstract: Regarding a microphone mounted on a small-sized device such as a mobile telephone terminal or the like, fine workability of an insertion hole for a coil spring, working accuracy of its insertion hole, and control property of the coil spring (self-sustaining property of the coil spring) are sufficiently secured, a problem of limitation in used materials is also eliminated, and assembly work is facilitated, whereby automation of assembly can be permitted. Through coil springs 20A, 20B connected to a microphone unit 10, the microphone unit 10 is housed in a first holder 30 made of hard material. Further, the first holder 30 which houses therein the microphone 10 through the coil springs 20A, 20B is housed in a second holder 40 made of elastic material. By this constitution, positional accuracy of the coil spring can be readily secured, the used materials can be also selected without being limited, and the assembly can be also facilitated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for observing and/or repairing damages on a wall of a coke oven or combustion chamber is disclosed. The damages on the wall are detected by positioning a heat resisting lance which includes an optical system for observing an image on the wall and conduit having a nozzle for spraying repairing materials onto damaged areas on the wall in the inside of the coke oven and moving the lance horizontally and vertically within the coke oven along its wall while observing the image on the wall at an outside of the coke oven through the optical system. When the damages are detected, the damages are repaired by spraying the repairing material onto the damaged area on the wall from the nozzle.