Abstract: A crystalline polyester having a number-average molecular weight of from 5000 to 10000, a weight-average molecular weight of from 150000 to 8000000, a maximum peak temperature of heat of fusion of from 60° to 150° C., and a ratio of a softening point to a maximum peak temperature of heat of fusion (softening point/peak temperature) of from 0.6 to 1.3. The crystalline polyester can be used as a resin binder for a toner used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method, and the like.

Abstract: A catalyst for preparing condensation polymerization resin for a toner comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a titanium compound represented by the formula (I): Ti(X)n(Y)m (I), wherein X is a substituted amino group having a total number of carbon atoms of from 1 to 28; Y is an alkoxy group, alkenyloxy group or acyloxy group, each having a total number of carbon atoms of from 1 to 28; and each of n and m is an integer of from 1 to 3, wherein a sum of n and m is 4; and a titanium compound represented by the formula (II): Ti(Z)4 (II), wherein Z is an alkoxy group, alkenyloxy group or acyloxy group, each having a total number of carbon atoms of from 8 to 28, wherein the four kinds of Z may be identical or different from each other; and a condensation polymerization resin composition comprising a condensation polymerization resin and the above catalyst.

Abstract: A combination of powder coatings usable in a powder coating method for forming a coating film having visually homogeneous hue by mixing two or more powder coatings of which each color is different. In the combination of powder coatings, each of differences in triboelectric charges of two or more powder coatings is 5.0 ?C/g or less. The coating method usable herein includes the step of applying onto a substrate to be coated two or more powder coatings of which each color is different, in which the triboelectric charges are controlled in the above given ranges.

Abstract: A catalyst for preparing a polyester for a toner, comprising an inorganic tin(II) compound; a polyester resin composition comprising a polyester and the catalyst; and a toner comprising the polyester resin composition. The catalyst for preparing a polyester is suitably used for a toner which is used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method, and the like.

Abstract: A process for producing single-crystal gallium nitride comprising the steps of performing congruent melting of gallium nitride at a high pressure between 6×104 atm. and 10×104 atm. and at a high temperature between 2,200° C. and 2,500° C. and then slowly cooling the obtained gallium nitride melt at the stated high pressure.

Abstract: A toner for electrophotography comprising a resin binder comprising a crystalline polyester and an amorphous resin, wherein said crystalline polyester is dispersed in the resin binder in an amount of from 1 to 40% by weight, and wherein 90% or more of a dispersed domain of said crystalline polyester has a diameter of from 0.1 to 2 ?m. The toner for electrophotography can be suitably used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing, and the like.

Abstract: A toner comprising a resin binder comprising a crystalline resin; a colorant; and fine inorganic particles, the fine inorganic particles being externally added thereto, wherein a coating ratio of the fine inorganic particles on a surface of the toner is 130 to 300%. The toner can be suitably used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method and the like.

Abstract: A resin composition having a softening point of from 80° to 165° C., obtained by reacting a poly C2-4 alkylene terephthalate having a melting point of 200° C. or more with a low-molecular weight polyester having a number-average molecular weight of from 400 to 2500; a resin binder for a toner comprising the above resin composition; a toner comprising the above resin binder; a process for preparing a resin composition having a softening point of from 80° to 165° C., comprising the step of reacting a poly C2-4 alkylene terephthalate having a melting point of 200° C. or more with a low-molecular weight polyester having a number-average molecular weight of from 400 to 2500.

Abstract: A polyester resin composition for a toner comprising a titanium compound in an amount of from 0.005 to 4% by weight, and an inorganic phosphorus compound in an amount of from 0.001 to 5% by weight; a toner comprising the polyester resin composition as defined above; and a process for preparing the polyester resin composition for a toner as defined above, comprising the step of polycondensing the raw material monomers for the polyester in the presence of a titanium compound and an inorganic phosphorus compound. The polyester resin composition for a toner is suitably used as a resin binder for a toner for developing a latent image formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like, a process for preparing the same, and a toner comprising the polyester resin composition.

Abstract: A crystalline polyester obtained by polycondensing monomers comprising 0.1 to 10% by mol of a divalent aromatic compound, wherein the crystalline polyester has a softening point of 85° to 150° C. The crystalline polyester can be suitably used for a resin binder for toner for electrophotography and the like used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing, and the like; a polyester resin composition comprising the crystalline polyester.

Abstract: A molding composition comprising an aggregate [Component (A)], a linear unsaturated polyester [Component (B)] and/or linear unsaturated polyester polyamide [Component (C)], and a radical generator [Component [D]), characterized in that each of Component (B) and Component (C) comprises a specific alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A in an amount of from 3 to 50 mol % based on the total amount of constituent monomers of each of Component (B) and Component (C) and a molded article obtained by molding the composition.

Abstract: A crystalline polyester having a number-average molecular weight of from 5000 to 10000, a weight-average molecular weight of from 150000 to 8000000, a maximum peak temperature of heat of fusion of from 60° to 150° C., and a ratio of a softening point to a maximum peak temperature of heat of fusion (softening point/peak temperature) of from 0.6 to 1.3. The crystalline polyester can be used as a resin binder for a toner used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method, and the like.

Abstract: A nonlinear crystalline polyester obtained by polycondensing monomers containing trivalent or higher polyvalent monomers selected from the group consisting of trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohols and tricarboxylic or higher polycarboxylic acid compounds in an amount of from 0.1 to 20 mol % of all monomers used for polycondensation.

Abstract: A catalyst for preparing condensation polymerization resin for a toner comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a titanium compound represented by the formula (I): Ti(X)n(Y)m (I), wherein X is a substituted amino group having a total number of carbon atoms of from 1 to 28; Y is an alkoxy group, alkenyloxy group or acyloxy group, each having a total number of carbon atoms of from 1 to 28; and each of n and m is an integer of from 1 to 3, wherein a sum of n and m is 4; and a titanium compound represented by the formula (II): Ti(Z)4 (II), wherein Z is an alkoxy group, alkenyloxy group or acyloxy group, each having a total number of carbon atoms of from 8 to 28, wherein the four kinds of Z may be identical or different from each other; and a condensation polymerization resin composition comprising a condensation polymerization resin and the above catalyst.

Abstract: A toner comprising a resin binder comprising a crystalline resin; a colorant; and fine inorganic particles, the fine inorganic particles being externally added thereto, wherein a coating ratio of the fine inorganic particles on a surface of the toner is 130 to 300%. The toner can be suitably used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method and the like.

Abstract: A catalyst for preparing a polyester for a toner, comprising an inorganic tin(II) compound; a polyester resin composition comprising a polyester and the catalyst; and a toner comprising the polyester resin composition. The catalyst for preparing a polyester is suitably used for a toner which is used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method, and the like.

Abstract: The combination of powder coatings usable in a coating method comprising mixing two or more powder coatings of which each color is different, wherein each of the powder coatings fuses with each other and is heat-cured, to thereby give a coating film having a homogenous hue. A powder coating composition comprising two or more powder coatings of which each color is different, wherein each of the powder coatings fuses with each other and is heat-cured, to thereby give a coating film having a homogenous hue. A coating method comprising the steps of (a) applying to a substrate two or more powder coatings, of which each color is different; (b) heating to fuse with each other each of the two or more powder coatings applied in step (a); and (c) curing the resulting fused product in step (b), to give a coating film having a homogeneous hue.

Abstract: The combination of powder coatings usable in a coating method comprising mixing two or more powder coatings of which each color is different, wherein each of the powder coatings fuses with each other and is heat-cured, to thereby give a coating film having a homogenous hue. A powder coating composition comprising two or more powder coatings of which each color is different, wherein each of the powder coatings fuses with each other and is heat-cured, to thereby give a coating film having a homogenous hue. A coating method comprising the steps of (a) applying to a substrate two or more powder coatings, of which each color is different; (b) heating to fuse with each other each of the two or more powder coatings applied in step (a); and (c) curing the resulting fused product in step (b), to give a coating film having a homogeneous hue.

Abstract: A crystalline polyester obtained by polycondensing monomers comprising 0.1 to 10% by mol of a divalent aromatic compound, wherein the crystalline polyester has a softening point of 85° to 150° C. The crystalline polyester can be suitably used for a resin binder for toner for electrophotography and the like used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing, and the like; a polyester resin composition comprising the crystalline polyester.

Abstract: A toner for electrophotography comprising a resin binder comprising a crystalline polyester and an amorphous resin, wherein said crystalline polyester is dispersed in the resin binder in an amount of from 1 to 40% by weight, and wherein 90% or more of a dispersed domain of said crystalline polyester has a diameter of from 0.1 to 2 &mgr;m. The toner for electrophotography can be suitably used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing, and the like.