Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control device for an automatic transmission is adapted to smoothly change the slip amount of the automatic transmission when a clutch to clutch shift control is performed. The hydraulic pressure control device uses a reference model showing a behavior with an output corresponding to a predetermined slip amount which smoothly varies over time with respect to a target slip amount which varies in a stepped manner. The hydraulic pressure is applied to a release side frictional engagement element using a controller CEMM (s) which shows a behavior such that the controller CEMM (s) and a controlled object P(s) are collaborated to correspond to the reference model. The controller CEMM (s) and the controlled object P(s) have the hydraulic pressure applied to the release side frictional engagement element of the automatic transmission as an input and the slip amount of the automatic transmission as an output.

Abstract: A non-destructive inspection apparatus has a radiation source, a radiation detector, a radiation source diver, a detector driver, a drive controller, a delay circuit, a radiation signal processing circuit, a memory, a computer, a display device, and an input device. The radiation detector consists of one-dimensional or two-dimensional array of detectors having a long collimator whose pores are in parallel with the radiation angle of the radiation emitted in an angular pattern from the radiation source, whereby a transmission image of a large size structure can be obtained at high speed and with a high resolution. Furthermore, the detect position in an inspection object can be specified by analyzing a plurality of specified transmission images using the inspection apparatus.

Abstract: A method for preventing unauthorized copying of digital information such as digitized movies, music, literature, or other works, and reliably collecting to the digital information owner fees paid for using the copied digital information. When copying key data 156 enabling use of digital information 158, the key data is locked. To unlock the key data, the user accesses digital information seller 150 and pays the digital information usage fee.

Abstract: To relatively precisely detect the start of torque phase for relatively precisely restraining speed shift shock caused by torque interference in clutch to clutch speed shift, an output from an input shaft rotational speed sensor at a reduction gear unit is passed through a secondary Butterworth high pass filter which is a digital filter having a cutoff frequency of 1.0 Hz to remove a change component caused by acceleration of the vehicle. A filter output Ni_fil which is a change component by generation of transmission torque of an engaged side clutch is thus provided. When this filter output Ni_fil falls to less than a first threshold value of −ref1 and thereafter becomes less than a second threshold value of −ref2 without recovering to be equal to or higher than the first threshold value of −ref1, it is determined to be the start of the torque phase.

Abstract: A first rotating axis and a second rotating axis are respectively connected to one of a sun gear, a ring gear, and a planetary gear carrier of a first planetary gear train and a second planetary gear train. One of the sun gear, ring gear, and planetary gear carrier of the first planetary gear train is fixed to a frame, and one of the other elements is synchronized in revolution. One corresponding sun gear, ring gear, and planetary gear carrier of the second planetary gear train is rotatably mounted. A rotation degree of the rotatably mounted sun gear, ring gear, and planetary gear carrier of the second planetary gear train is measured. Then, a phase difference with respect to rotations of the first rotating axis and the second rotating axis can be detected.

Abstract: A non-destructive inspection apparatus has a radiation source, a radiation detector, a radiation source diver, a detector driver, a drive controller, a delay circuit, a radiation signal processing circuit, a memory, a computer, a display device, and an input device. The radiation detector consists of one-dimensional or two-dimensional array of detectors having a long collimator whose pores are in parallel with the radiation angle of the radiation emitted in an angular pattern from the radiation source, whereby a transmission image of a large size structure can be obtained at high speed and with a high resolution. Furthermore, the detect position in an inspection object can be specified by analyzing a plurality of specified transmission images using the inspection apparatus.

Abstract: A non-destructive inspection apparatus has a radiation source, a radiation detector, a radiation source diver, a detector driver, a drive controller, a delay circuit, a radiation signal processing circuit, a memory, a computer, a display device, and an input device. The radiation detector consists of one-dimensional or two-dimensional array of detectors having a long collimator whose pores are in parallel with the radiation angle of the radiation emitted in an angular pattern from the radiation source, whereby a transmission image of a large size structure can be obtained at high speed and with a high resolution. Furthermore, the detect position in an inspection object can be specified by analyzing a plurality of specified transmission images using the inspection apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surgical needle having a needle tip end and a clamping portion to be clamped by a needle holder for applying a current, whereinthe needle tip end is made from a conductive material which is electrically connected to a conductive material of the clamping portion,an insulating layer is provided over the clamping portion and a tip surrounding portion of the surgical needle, whereas at least the needle tip end is electrically exposed, andwhen the insulating material over the clamping portion is clamped by the needle holder, the conductive material of the clamping portion is electrically connected to the needle holder.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, a charging device for charging the surface of the photosensitive member at a constant potential, a light beam for exposing the photosensitive member charged by the charging device to form an electrostatic latent image, a developing device for developing the electrostatic latent image by selectively sticking toner to the surface of the photosensitive member so as to correspond to the electrostatic latent image formed by the light beam, and a transfer device for transferring to recording paper the toner image formed by the developing device on the surface of the photosensitive member. The image forming apparatus is applied to a cleanerless system in which the developing device develops the toner image and simultaneously sucks and recovers residual toner remaining on the surface of the photosensitive member after transfer.

Abstract: An imaging method of an X-ray computerized tomography (X-ray CT) comprising the steps of reconstructing a partial region including a region of interest from penetrating data of an object, extracting only shape information from the reconstructed image, setting a threshold function determined by resolution to the reconstructed image information which is equivalent to linear absorption coefficient distribution (density), extracting the reconstructed image information by making the information into bi-values or tri-values based on the threshold function or by differentiating the information, and extracting and imaging only a portion where the linear absorption coefficient distribution (density) changes stepwise.

Abstract: 6-Hydroxy nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring compounds of the following general formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents carboxy group, carbamoyl group, cyano group, formyl group, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 hydroxyalkyl group, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkoxycarbonyl group, carboxyvinyl group, carboxymethyl group or oxime group, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen atom or carboxy group, and A represents carbon atom or nitrogen atom, can be prepared by reacting a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring compounds of the following general formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and A are as defined in the general formula (II) above, with a microorganism or physico-chemically treated microorganism in an aqueous medium. Efficiency of the above reaction can be raised by conducting the reaction in the presence of phenazine methosulfate.

Abstract: To allow compact design of a wiper system equipped with a wiping angle varying assembly which comprises an actuating motor, an eccentric cam member provided in a path of transmitting the movement of the output end of a wiper motor to a wiper arm, and a control unit for activating the actuating motor so as to move the eccentric cam member and thereby change the range of angle of the wiping movement by altering a configuration of a linkage structure provided between the wiper motor and the wiper arm, the control unit is adapted to activate the eccentric cam member with such a timing that the force transmitted through the linkage structure from the wiper motor to the wiper arm tends to assist the force produced by the actuating motor to move the eccentric cam member in the required direction. Thus, the requirement of the power output of the actuating motor can be reduced, and the actuating motor can be substantially reduced in size.

Abstract: In a medical stapler, an anvil is disposed in the vicinity of an opening in a casing, and is disposed in a path of movement of a ram. A foremost staple placed on the anvil is shaped through the cooperation of the advancing ram with the anvil in such a manner that a pair of legs of this foremost staple are moved toward each other. The anvil has a shaping surface disposed in opposed relation to the ram. This shaping surface is inclined relative to the path of movement of the ram in such a manner as to approach the ram progressively toward the distal end of the shaping surface.

Abstract: A medical stapler includes a front wall having an opening at a lower end portion thereof. A mirror is mounted in the vicinity of an upper edge of this opening. A straight line, representing a wound pinched by a pincette by the operator, is reflected on the mirror. The operator adjusts the posture of the stapler so that the straight line of the actual wound can be aligned with the straight line reflected on the mirror, and in this condition the staple is shaped so as to effect the suturing of the wound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substituted phenyl(or pyridyl)urea compound and a herbicidal composition containing the substituted phenyl(or pyridyl)urea compound as an active ingredient.The compound has the formula: ##STR1## wherein A represents an alkylene group; B represents a nitrogen atom or CH; R represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group;R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and n is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A steel pipe transporting apparatus and a method for controlling the same wherein the apparatus includes a plurality of said rails slantingly arranged from a feed-in end to a feed-out end so as to enable transportation of the steel pipe by causing the steel pipe to roll down on the skid rails from the feed-in end to the feed-out end. A plurality of electromagnets are arranged along the skid rails from the feed-in end to the feed-out end and each of the electromagnets include an inner pole with an exciting coil wound thereon and a pair of outer poles. The pair of outer poles have an upper end connected with a skid rail and a lower end connected with a common base, the inner poles having a lower end connected to the common base and an upper end arranged so as to face the steel pipe when transported on the skid rails so that the upper end portions of the inner poles are magnetically separated from each other.

Abstract: A transporting apparatus for transporting cylindrical steel articles such as steel pipes by using inclined skid rails is arranged to have a magnetic braking device including electromagnetic coils for controlling the rolling speeds of the articles to be transported, wherein the electromagnetic coils are so disposed as to minimize a magnetic path for the magnetic fluxes developed by the electromagnetic coils and are also arranged in the shell type manner to prevent the electromagnetic coils from being externally damaged.