Abstract: A mixture of a colorant, and a binder compound having an aliphatic hydrocarbon long chain and having a relatively low melt viscosity, is kneaded in a molten state in the presence of solid media such as balls or beads to form a uniform mixture in which the colorant particles or aggregates have been disintegrated to a size of 5 .mu. or below. Solid particles which may be used as a toner are formed from the uniform mixture and may be encapsulated, as desired, to provide a capsule toner.

Abstract: An encapsulated toner for development of electrical latent images comprises a core particle containing a colorant and a soft solid material, inorganic fine particles attached to the vicinity of the surface of the core particle, and a shell coating the core particle and the inorganic fine particles. The inorganic fine particles function to, e.g., reinforce the encapsulated toner with a thin shell and may be attached to the core particles through dry-mixing. The core particles with the attached inorganic particles may be coated with a shell resin through phase separation.

Abstract: A developing method, which comprises arranging a latent image-bearing member which bears a latent image on the surface and a toner-carrying member which carries an insulating non-magnetic toner at the developing section with a certain gap provided therebetween, coating the toner-carrying member with the insulating non-magnetic toner, conveying the resultant coated layer to the developing section while regulating the thickness thinner than said gap and developing the latent image on the latent image-bearing member under the application of an alternate electric field on the toner. Since the toner has a form of a microcapsule comprising a soft core material and a hard shell material and also contains a colorant in addition to the core material, adequate discharging can be effected during triboelectric charging to give an image with a constant density through stably charged state.

Abstract: A pressure-fixable toner comprising a combination of a compound A having a hydrocarbon chain and a compound B having an amino group in addition to a hydrocarbon chain is excellent in dispersibility of colorant, pressure fixing characteristic and developing characteristic. Further, an encapsulated pressure-fixable toner comprising a core of the pressure-fixable toner particles and a shell encapsulating the core is also excellent in these properties.

Abstract: A core material comprising a binder mixture of a long chain organic compound and an ester of a higher alcohol and a higher carboxylic acid is encapsulated with a thin shell material to give an encapsulated toner. The encapsulated toner has a uniform structure and a narrow particle size distribution and is excellent in developing and fixation characteristics, when used in electrophotography, etc.

Abstract: A process for producing a toner, comprising the steps of suspending a molten mixture of starting materials of a binder containing a compound having a hydrocarbon chain and a colorant in an aqueous dispersing medium in the presence of a hardly water-soluble fine powdery inorganic dispersant, cooling the dispersed particles, and recovering the cooled particles.

Abstract: A capsule toner, comprising core particles of a core material exhibiting a cloud point within the range of from 30 to 90 and a penetration within the range of from 2 to 15, and a shell material coating the core particles. The capsule toner is preferably formed by dispersing the core particles in solution of the shell material in a good solvent for the shell material, and then adding a poor solvent for the shell material to cause the deposition of the shell material on the core particles.

Abstract: A pressure-fixable capsule toner for electrophotography having characteristics such as good combination of fixability and durability and also a stable charge controlling characteristic is provided. The core materials typically are of polyethylene or paraffin wax. The shell material is a vinyl polymer characterized by low molecular weight distribution represented by a ratio of weight-average molecular weight/number average molecular weight of not larger than 3.5. The vinyl polymer is preferably a copolymer of styrene or a derivative thereof and a tertiary amino-group containing vinyl monomer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic developer comprises magnetic particles coated with a low surface energy resin, toner particles and electroconductive fine powders. This developer can develop solid areas uniformly and does not form fog.