Abstract: A positive electrode grid body for lead-acid battery includes frame rib including first and second lateral frame ribs and first and second longitudinal frame ribs, an inner rib including a plurality of lateral and longitudinal crosspieces, a plurality of opening portions, and a positive electrode current collection lug connected to the first lateral frame rib. In a region having a length of at least one opening portion or more in the lateral direction of the lateral crosspieces from the first longitudinal frame rib, a cross-sectional area of the plurality of lateral crosspieces located on at least the first lateral frame rib side becomes larger from the second longitudinal frame rib side toward a portion connected to the first longitudinal frame rib.

Abstract: A positive electrode grid body for lead-acid battery includes frame rib including first and second lateral frame ribs and first and second longitudinal frame ribs, an inner rib including a plurality of lateral and longitudinal crosspieces, a plurality of opening portions, and a positive electrode current collection lug connected to the first lateral frame rib. In a region having a length of at least one opening portion or more in the lateral direction of the lateral crosspieces from the first longitudinal frame rib, a cross-sectional area of the plurality of lateral crosspieces located on at least the first lateral frame rib side becomes larger from the second longitudinal frame rib side toward a portion connected to the first longitudinal frame rib.

Abstract: There is provided a battery state detecting method that detects states by evaluating depletion caused by reaction processes whose speeds are different. Voltage Vmes, current Imes and temperature Tmes of a battery are measured and inputted in Step S1 and it is judged whether or not an absolute value of the measured current Imes is smaller than a current threshold value Ithre in Step S2. OCV20 hr is estimated from SOCn-1 and SOHn-1 after the previous discharge/charge based on a stable OCV estimating equation in Step S4 and a difference between the voltage measured value Vmes and the OCV20 hr is calculated and stored in Step S5. A relaxation function Fn(t) is updated corresponding to time t in processes in Steps S6 through S19. SOHn is calculated by using the updated Fn (t) in Step S17 and SOCn is calculated in Step S19.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for detecting a charged state of a battery, for evaluating a deterioration thereof due to each of reaction processes that individually have rates of reactions as different from therebetween, and for performing a detection of the charged state of the battery.

Abstract: In an optical amplifier, a pumping source unit 4 is positioned on a surface formed on or adjacent to one X—X of focal axes of an elliptical cylinder or an elliptical cone mainly made of SiO2-glass or crystal, and an amplifying medium 3 is positioned on or adjacent to the other focal axis Y—Y, whereby, on the basis of a geometrical feature in which light emitted from a light source positioned on one of foci of an ellipse is always focused on the other focus thereof, the pumping lights are inputted to the amplifying medium efficiently.