Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a charging unit, an electrostatic charge image forming unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, and a cleaning unit having a cleaning blade that is in contact with the surface of the image holding member to clean the surface of the image holding member, wherein in the cleaning device, a variation in a load applied by the cleaning blade to the image holding member in a slide test is 1.5 gf/mm or less, wherein in the slide test, an image holding member which has a diameter of 30 mm and with which the cleaning blade is in contact at a contact angle of 23° and a pressing pressure of 4.0 gf/mm is rotated 100,000 times at a rotational speed of 175 mm/sec to slide the cleaning blade.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a charging unit, an electrostatic charge image forming unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, and a cleaning unit having a cleaning blade that is in contact with the surface of the image holding member to clean the surface of the image holding member, wherein in the cleaning device, a variation in a load applied by the cleaning blade to the image holding member in a slide test is 1.5 gf/mm or less, wherein in the slide test, an image holding member which has a diameter of 30 mm and with which the cleaning blade is in contact at a contact angle of 23° and a pressing pressure of 4.0 gf/mm is rotated 100,000 times at a rotational speed of 175 mm/sec to slide the cleaning blade.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a charging device that charges a surface of the image holding member, an electrostatic charge image forming device that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the image holding member, a developing device that has an electrostatic charge image developer containing an electrostatic charge image developing toner and that develops the electrostatic charge image to form a toner image on the surface of the image holding member, and a transfer device that transfers the toner image onto a recording medium, wherein the transfer device includes a belt member and a transfer member, the belt member has an outer surface that contacts the image holding member, and the belt member is winding around the image holding member and the transfer member; and the toner has a binder resin containing an amorphous polyester resin.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a charging unit; an electrostatic image forming unit, a development unit, a transfer unit; a fixing unit, and a cleaning unit. A toner for electrostatic image development contains a binder resin containing an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin, and paraffin wax. The toner has a volume-average particle diameter of 6 ?m to 9 ?m, a shape factor SF1 of 140 or more, and a toluene insoluble content within a range of 25% to 40%. The melting temperature of the paraffin wax is 60° C. or more and 80° C. or less. The absolute value of difference between the melting temperature of the crystalline resin and the melting temperature of the paraffin is 10° C. or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer unit which includes a belt member having an outer peripheral surface which contacts an image holding member, and a transfer member, and the belt member is wound around both of the image holding member and the transfer member, wherein a toner to be used includes a binder resin containing an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin and has specific physical properties described in the specification, and paraffin wax having a melting temperature of 60° C. to 80° C., and an absolute value of a difference between the melting temperature of the crystalline resin and the melting temperature of the paraffin wax is 10° C. or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a charging unit, an electrostatic charge image forming unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, a fixing unit including a fixing belt, a pressurizing rotator that forms a nip by pressurizing an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt, a sliding member that slides on an inner peripheral surface of the fixing belt in the nip, and a pressing member that presses the fixing belt in the direction of the pressurizing rotator, wherein a toner to be used includes a binder resin containing an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin and has specific physical properties described in the specification, and paraffin wax having a melting temperature of 60° C. to 80° C., and an absolute value of a difference between the melting temperature of the crystalline resin and the melting temperature of the paraffin wax is 10° C. or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a fixing unit including a fixing belt, a pressurizing rotator that forms a nip portion between the fixing belt and the pressurizing rotator by pressurizing an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt, a first heating rotator that is provided so as to contact an inner peripheral surface of the fixing belt in the nip portion and heats the fixing belt, and a second heating unit that heats the fixing belt separately from the first heating rotator, wherein a toner to be used has physical properties described in the specification and includes an amorphous resin, a crystalline resin, and paraffin wax having a melting temperature of 60° C. to 80° C., and an absolute value of a difference in a melting temperature between the crystalline resin and the paraffin wax is 10° C. or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a fixing unit that includes a heating and pressurizing member, and fixes the toner image by performing the operation of heating and pressurizing on the toner image on a recording medium twice or more times with the heating and pressurizing member, wherein the toner contains a toner particle which contains a binder resin containing a crystalline polyester resin, a colorant, and a release agent, and an external additive, and satisfies Expression: 2?tan ?P1?2.5, wherein tan ?P1 represents a maximum value of a mechanical loss tangent existing in a range where a complex elastic modulus is from 1×106 Pa to 1×108 Pa, which is measured at an angular frequency of 6.28 rad/sec and a distortion amount of 0.3%.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a fixing unit including a fixing belt, a pressurizing rotator that forms a nip portion between the fixing belt and the pressurizing rotator by pressurizing an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt, a first heating rotator that is provided so as to contact an inner peripheral surface of the fixing belt in the nip portion and heats the fixing belt, and a second heating unit that heats the fixing belt separately from the first heating rotator, wherein a toner to be used has physical properties described in the specification and includes an amorphous resin, a crystalline resin, and paraffin wax having a melting temperature of 60° C. to 80° C., and an absolute value of a difference in a melting temperature between the crystalline resin and the paraffin wax is 10° C. or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a charging unit; an electrostatic image forming unit, a development unit, a transfer unit; a fixing unit, and a cleaning unit. A toner for electrostatic image development contains a binder resin containing an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin, and paraffin wax. The toner has a volume-average particle diameter of 6 ?m to 9 ?m, a shape factor SF1 of 140 or more, and a toluene insoluble content within a range of 25% to 40%. The melting temperature of the paraffin wax is 60° C. or more and 80° C. or less. The absolute value of difference between the melting temperature of the crystalline resin and the melting temperature of the paraffin is 10° C. or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a charging unit, an electrostatic charge image forming unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, a fixing unit including a fixing belt, a pressurizing rotator that forms a nip by pressurizing an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt, a sliding member that slides on an inner peripheral surface of the fixing belt in the nip, and a pressing member that presses the fixing belt in the direction of the pressurizing rotator, wherein a toner to be used includes a binder resin containing an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin and has specific physical properties described in the specification, and paraffin wax having a melting temperature of 60° C. to 80° C., and an absolute value of a difference between the melting temperature of the crystalline resin and the melting temperature of the paraffin wax is 10° C. or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer unit which includes a belt member having an outer peripheral surface which contacts an image holding member, and a transfer member, and the belt member is wound around both of the image holding member and the transfer member, wherein a toner to be used includes a binder resin containing an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin and has specific physical properties described in the specification, and paraffin wax having a melting temperature of 60° C. to 80° C., and an absolute value of a difference between the melting temperature of the crystalline resin and the melting temperature of the paraffin wax is 10° C. or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an overcoat layer and a cleaning unit that includes a cleaning blade, a tip of which contacts with the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the toner contains a toner particle which contains a binder resin containing a crystalline polyester resin, a colorant and a release agent, and an external additive, and the toner satisfies the following Expression: 2?tan ?P1?2.5, wherein tan ?P1 represents a maximum value of a mechanical loss tangent existing in a range where a complex elastic modulus is from 1×106 Pa to 1×108 Pa, which is measured at an angular frequency of 6.28 rad/sec and a strain amount of 0.3%.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a guide unit that guides at least one of an image holding member and an intermediate transfer member to a primary transfer position provided by a primary transfer unit such that a portion of the surface of the image holding member and a portion of the surface of the intermediate transfer member are disposed along with each other, wherein a toner contains a toner particle which contains a binder resin containing a crystalline polyester resin, a coloring agent and a releasing agent, and an external additive, and satisfies Expression: 2?tan ?P1?2.5, wherein tan ?P1 represents a maximum value of a mechanical loss tangent existing in a range where a complex elastic modulus is from 1×106 Pa to 1×108 Pa, which is measured at an angular frequency of 6.28 rad/sec and a strain amount of 0.3%.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an overcoat layer and a cleaning unit that includes a cleaning blade and a tip of the cleaning blade contacts with the photoreceptor toward the direction opposite to the rotation direction, wherein the toner particle contains a crystalline polyester resin, an average circularity of the toner particles is from 0.955 to 0.971, a content ratio of the toner particles having a particle diameter of 4.5 ?m or more and less than 7.5 ?m and a circularity of 0.980 or more is from 16% by number to 40% by number, and a content ratio of the toner particles having a particle diameter of 7.5 ?m or more and less than 15 ?m and a circularity of 0.900 or more and less than 0.940 is 3% by number or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a developing unit that contains a developer containing toner particles and develops an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of the image holding member with the developer to form a toner image, a primary transfer unit that transfers the toner image formed on the image holding member to an intermediate transfer member, a second transfer unit that transfers the toner image transferred on the intermediate transfer member to a recording medium, and a guide unit that guides at least one of the image holding member and the intermediate transfer member to a primary transfer position such that a portion of the image holding member and a portion of the intermediate transfer member are disposed along with each other, wherein the specific toner defined in the specification is used.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an overcoat layer and a cleaning unit that includes a cleaning blade and a tip of the cleaning blade contacts with the photoreceptor toward the direction opposite to the rotation direction, wherein the toner particle contains a crystalline polyester resin, an average circularity of the toner particles is from 0.955 to 0.971, a content ratio of the toner particles having a particle diameter of 4.5 ?m or more and less than 7.5 ?m and a circularity of 0.980 or more is from 16% by number to 40% by number, and a content ratio of the toner particles having a particle diameter of 7.5 ?m or more and less than 15 ?m and a circularity of 0.900 or more and less than 0.940 is 3% by number or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an overcoat layer and a cleaning unit that includes a cleaning blade, a tip of which contacts with the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the toner contains a toner particle which contains a binder resin containing a crystalline polyester resin, a colorant and a release agent, and an external additive, and the toner satisfies the following Expression: 2?tan ?P1?2.5, wherein tan ?P1 represents a maximum value of a mechanical loss tangent existing in a range where a complex elastic modulus is from 1×106 Pa to 1×108 Pa, which is measured at an angular frequency of 6.28 rad/sec and a strain amount of 0.3%.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a developing unit that contains a developer containing toner particles and develops an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of the image holding member with the developer to form a toner image, a primary transfer unit that transfers the toner image formed on the image holding member to an intermediate transfer member, a second transfer unit that transfers the toner image transferred on the intermediate transfer member to a recording medium, and a guide unit that guides at least one of the image holding member and the intermediate transfer member to a primary transfer position such that a portion of the image holding member and a portion of the intermediate transfer member are disposed along with each other, wherein the specific toner defined in the specification is used.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a guide unit that guides at least one of an image holding member and an intermediate transfer member to a primary transfer position provided by a primary transfer unit such that a portion of the surface of the image holding member and a portion of the surface of the intermediate transfer member are disposed along with each other, wherein a toner contains a toner particle which contains a binder resin containing a crystalline polyester resin, a coloring agent and a releasing agent, and an external additive, and satisfies Expression: 2?tan ?P1?2.5, wherein tan ?P1 represents a maximum value of a mechanical loss tangent existing in a range where a complex elastic modulus is from 1×106 Pa to 1×108 Pa, which is measured at an angular frequency of 6.28 rad/sec and a strain amount of 0.3%.