Abstract: A route for a data unit through a network may be defined based on a number of next hops. Exemplary embodiments described herein may implement a router forwarding table as a chained list of references to next hops. In one implementation, a device includes a forwarding table that includes: a first table configured to store, for each of a plurality of routes for data units in a network, a chain of links to next hops for the routes; and a second table configured to store the next hops. The device also includes a forwarding engine configured to assemble the next hops for the data units based on using the chain of links in the first table to retrieve the next hops in the second table and to forward the data units in the network based on the assembled next hops.

Abstract: A network device includes a processor that executes a software module above an operating system of a network device, wherein the software module is configured to create a set of forwarding structures for use in forwarding network traffic with the network device without regard to limitations of an underlying architecture of the forwarding plane. The network device also includes a forwarding structure control module operative within or below the operating system of the network device, wherein the forwarding structure control module is configured to create a set of derived forwarding structures based on the set of forwarding structures provided by the software module for installation in the forwarding information of the forwarding plane. The derived set of forwarding structures is created in accordance with the limitations of the underlying architecture of the forwarding plane.

Abstract: In general, techniques are described that facilitate application of service within MPLS networks. More specifically, a router comprises a forwarding plane, a service plane and a routing engine. The routing engine maintains data defining an association between a handle identifying a property common to a plurality of packets of a particular context and one or more MPLS labels associated with these packets. The routing engine automatically generates and installs a filter to identify these packets within both the forwarding and service planes. The forwarding plane applies the filter to incoming packets to determine whether each of the incoming packets includes a label matching any of the labels of the filter and forwards the incoming packets to the service plane upon a match. The service card selects one or more services identified by the filter and applies the selected one or more services to the incoming packet.

Abstract: A network device includes a memory, a routing engine and a forwarding engine. The memory stores a forwarding table and the routing engine constructs a first composite next hop that includes multiple next hops, where each of the multiple next hops represents an action to be taken on a data unit as it transits the network device or represents another composite next hop, and where the first composite next hop specifies a function to be performed on the plurality of next hops. The routing engine further stores the composite next hop in an entry of the forwarding table. The forwarding engine retrieves the composite next hop from the forwarding table, and forwards a data unit towards one or more network destinations based on the composite next hop.

Abstract: A network device includes a memory, a routing engine and a forwarding engine. The memory stores a forwarding table and the routing engine constructs a first composite next hop that includes multiple next hops, where each of the multiple next hops represents an action to be taken on a data unit as it transits the network device or represents another composite next hop, and where the first composite next hop specifies a function to be performed on the plurality of next hops. The routing engine further stores the composite next hop in an entry of the forwarding table. The forwarding engine retrieves the composite next hop from the forwarding table, and forwards a data unit towards one or more network destinations based on the composite next hop.

Abstract: Distribution parameter mapping determines the bit error probability (BEP) of a burst transmitted from a base station to the mobile station using a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) specified in the EDGE standard. Depending on whether the multi-bit soft decisions of the burst most resemble a Gaussian or a Rician distribution, the statistical parameters ? and ? or A and u are determined The ratio ?/? or A/? is mapped to an empirically determined BEP in a Gaussian or Rician lookup table, respectively. The BEPs are not influenced by the degree of code redundancy in the MCS. The BEPs for the four bursts in a radio block are then averaged, filtered and quantized according to the EDGE standard. The quantization level of the average BEP is reported to the base station so that subsequent radio blocks can be transmitted using an MCS that is appropriate for the estimated BEP.

Abstract: In general, techniques are described for flooding VPLS traffic with a network device according to flood groups. The network device resides within a layer 3 (L3) network and includes a control unit that executes a virtual private LAN service (VPLS) protocol that enables a VPLS domain to operate over the L3 network. The network device further includes a plurality of packet forwarding engines, each of which include a plurality of interface cards that receive a layer 2 (L2) message originating from the L2 network. The packet forwarding engines associate the L2 packet with a configurable flood group, wherein the flood group defines criteria to determine which messages to associate to the flood group and indicates a set of the interface cards for forwarding the associated messages. The packet forwarding engines further flood the L2 packet via each interface card indicated by the associated flood group.

Abstract: An information handling system includes a wireless device and interference suppression apparatus that adapts to the different interference problems experienced by the wireless device when the system changes from one operating mode or state to another. The interference suppression apparatus includes a controller that instructs an adaptive filter with respect to the appropriate filter characteristics to employ to suppress interference when the system is operating in a first mode. When the system changes to a second mode of operation, the interference suppression apparatus updates the filter characteristics to filter characteristics which are appropriate for suppressing interference associated with the second mode of operation.

Abstract: A method and system generate a boundary of a Schmoo plot. In accord with the method, a plurality of seed points having a resolution that is less than or equal to ½ the acquisition resolution indicated by a smoothness of a representative Schmoo boundary are selected. A coarse boundary search is performed to identify a plurality of test points that are within an acquisition resolution of the boundary. The test points that comprise the coarse boundary are interpolated to produce a fine estimate of the boundary.

Abstract: Samples from an addressed data forwarding devices, such as a router, are forwarded to a specified next hop address and/or out a specified next hop interface. However, the sampling and/or next hop forwarding is suppressed if the specified next hop address is unstable or unresolved.

Abstract: Samples from an addressed data forwarding devices, such as a router, are associated with path-centric information. Information from the samples is used to update corresponding path-centric traffic information, such as flow information for example. The aggregated path-centric traffic information can then be used by traffic analysis operations.

Abstract: A forwarding component of a routing node floods copies of a packet to a plurality of next hops associated with the same layer two (L2) network as an interface on which the packet was received. The plurality of next hops excludes a next hop that corresponds to the interface that received the packet. The forwarding component requires that forwarding information installed by a control unit specify the plurality of next hops to which to flood the copies of the packet, and the forwarding component is not capable of deriving the plurality of next hops to which to flood the copies of the packet from a single flooding next hop identifier after the packet is received. Prior to receiving the packet, a flooding next hop control module derives the plurality of next hops based on the flooding next hop and installs the derived next hops into the forwarding information.

Abstract: In embodiments, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) engine includes a series of stages, each stage containing a butterfly and a data normalization device configured to scale output of the stage's butterfly. The scaling factors are adjusted, for example, periodically or on as-needed basis, so that the dynamic range of the butterflies and the buffers is increased for a given bit-width, or the bit-width of these devices is decreased for the same dynamic range. Additionally, bit-width of other buffer(s) is decreased because of the scaling of the data.

Abstract: An information handling system includes a wireless device and interference suppression apparatus that adapts to the different interference problems experienced by the wireless device when the system changes from one operating mode or state to another. The interference suppression apparatus includes a controller that instructs an adaptive filter with respect to the appropriate filter characteristics to employ to suppress interference when the system is operating in a first mode. When the system changes to a second mode of operation, the interference suppression apparatus updates the filter characteristics to filter characteristics which are appropriate for suppressing interference associated with the second mode of operation.

Abstract: A configurable decoder within a receiver (for example, within a wireless communication device) includes numerous decoders. In one mode, the multiple decoders are used to decode different sub-packets of a packet. When one decoder completes decoding the last sub-packet assigned to it of the packet, then that decoder generates a packet done indication. A control circuit receives the packet done indications, and when all the decoders have generated packet done indications then the control circuit initiates an action. In one example, the action is the interrupting of a processor. The processor responds by reading status information from the control circuit, thereby resetting the interrupt. End-of-packet markers are usable to generate packet done indications and to generate EOP interrupts. Similarly, end-of-group markers are usable to generate group done indications and to generate EOG interrupts. The decoder block is configurable to process sub-packets of a packet using either one or multiple decoders.

Abstract: An information handling system includes a wireless device and interference suppression apparatus that adapts to the different interference problems experienced by the wireless device when the system changes from one operating mode or state to another. The interference suppression apparatus includes a controller that instructs an adaptive filter with respect to the appropriate filter characteristics to employ to suppress interference when the system is operating in a first mode. When the system changes to a second mode of operation, the interference suppression apparatus updates the filter characteristics to filter characteristics which are appropriate for suppressing interference associated with the second mode of operation.

Abstract: A biasing algorithm, apparatus and method for detecting and modulation format of a received signal used in a mobile phone system implementing EDGE technology that transmits and receives both GMSK and 8PSK modulated signals. The biasing method and apparatus may also estimate the modulation format of bursts of data blocks of a received signal using information gathered and/or results determined during the modulation detection of one or more previous bursts of a data block to bias the modulation detection of a present burst of the same data block. The gathered information during the modulation detection of a previous burst includes either the signal-to-noise ratio or the noise energy information of the previous burst.

Abstract: Samples from an addressed data forwarding devices, such as a router, are forwarded to a specified next hop address and/or out a specified next hop interface. However, the sampling and/or next hop forwarding is suppressed if the specified next hop address is unstable or unresolved.

Abstract: A method and system generate a boundary of a Schmoo plot, comprising selecting a plurality of seed points having a resolution that is less than or equal to ½ the acquisition resolution indicated by a smoothness of a representative Schmoo boundary, performing a coarse boundary search to identify a plurality of test points that are within an acquisition resolution of the boundary, and interpolating the test points that comprise the coarse boundary to produce a fine estimate of the boundary.

Abstract: Samples from an addressed data forwarding devices, such as a router, are forwarded to a specified next hop address and/or out a specified next hop interface. However, the sampling and/or next hop forwarding is suppressed if the specified next hop address is unstable or unresolved.