Abstract: Methods of and apparatuses for monitoring a plating bath composition by using complex designer voltammetry. The designer waveforms are optimized in order to maximize analytical output of the solitary measurement thus drastically reducing the total time required for a full analysis of a plating bath compared to traditional analytical techniques.

Abstract: A process for creating a predictive data set predicting the amount of target constituents are in an electrolyte solution at varying temperatures is provided.

Abstract: A process for creating a predictive data set predicting the amount of target constituents are in an electrolyte solution at varying temperatures is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to any electrolyte and methods for monitoring the constituents contained therein. More specifically, the present invention relates to plating baths and methods for monitoring the constituents contained therein based on chemometric analysis of voltammetric data obtained for these baths. More particularly, the method of the present invention relates to application of numerous chemometric techniques of modeling power, outlier detection, regression and calibration transfer for analysis of voltamrnmetric data obtained for various plating baths.

Abstract: The use of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of alkyl and alkanol sulfonic acids as additives in pure metal and metal alloy sulfate electroplating baths has a number of unexpected benefits including wider useful current density range, improved appearance and in the case of tin improved oxidative stability. The metals and alloys include but are not limited to tin, nickel, copper, chromium, cadmium, iron, rhodium, ruthenium, iron/zinc and tin/zinc.

Abstract: The use of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of alkyl and alkanol sulfonic acids as additives in pure metal and metal alloy sulfate electroplating baths has a number of unexpected benefits including wider useful current density range, improved appearance and in the case of tin improved oxidative stability. The metals and alloys include but are not limited to tin, nickel, copper, chromium, cadmium, iron, rhodium, ruthenium, iron/zinc and tin/zinc.

Abstract: The use of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of alkyl and alkanol sulfonic acids as additives in pure metal and metal alloy sulfate electroplating baths has a number of unexpected benefits including wider useful current density range, improved appearance and in the case of tin improved oxidative stability. The metals and alloys include but are not limited to tin, nickel, copper, chromium, cadmium, iron, rhodium, ruthenium, iron/zinc and tin/zinc.

Abstract: The use of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of alkyl and alkanol sulfonic acids as additives in pure metal and metal alloy halide electroplating baths has a number of unexpected benefits including wider useful current density range and improved appearance. The metals and metal alloys include but are not limited to tin, lead, copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, tin/zinc, zinc/nickel and tin/nickel.

Abstract: The use of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of alkyl and alkanol sulfonic acids as additives in pure metal and metal alloy sulfonic acid electroplating baths has a number of unexpected benefits including wider useful current density range, improved appearance and in the case of tin improved oxidative stability. An additional significant appearance is to reduce the overall costs of this type of bath with the more economical salts of alkyl and alkanol sulfonic acids. The metals and metal alloys include but are not limited to tin, lead, copper, nickel, zinc, tin/lead, tin/lead/copper, tin/zinc and zinc/nickel.

Abstract: The use of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of alkyl and alkanol sulfonic acids as additives in pure metal and metal alloy fluoroborate electroplating baths has a number of unexpected benefits including wider useful current density range and improved appearance. The metals and metal alloys include but are not limited to tin, lead, copper, cadmium, indium, iron, tin/lead and tin/lead copper.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the constituents present in an electroless plating bath solution. The method involves measuring ac spectra using a working electrode which has a high hydrogen overvoltage. First, a selected dc potential is applied to a working electrode which has been subjected to pretreatment and which is present in the electroless bath being analyzed. The electrode must have a high hydrogen overvoltage and is preferably an alloy of a low hydrogen overvoltage noble metal and a high overvoltage metal. A constant ac signal is superimposed on the dc potential. The dc potential is then swept over a chosen range at a selected sweep rate. The various constituents in the bath are then monitored by measuring the ac current at one or more reference phase angles with respect to the constant ac signal between the working electrode and a reference electrode as the dc potential is varied. The resulting ac spectra provides a useful measurement of the make-up of the constituents in the electroless plating solution.