Abstract: Provided is a method of, in ladle refining treatment of a molten steel, accurately estimating the molten steel temperature after the ladle refining treatment. An operation method of ladle refining treatment by which ladle refining treatment of a molten steel is performed while continuously measuring a molten steel temperature during operation of the ladle refining treatment of the molten steel comprises setting a time earlier than a scheduled ending time of the ladle refining treatment in a continuous measurement period of the molten steel temperature as a determination timing, and estimating the molten steel temperature at the scheduled ending time on the basis of a change with time of the molten steel temperature in continuous measured data of the molten steel temperature from a start of continuous measurement of the molten steel temperature to the determination timing.

Abstract: There is provided a driving apparatus including: a rotation unit configured to be rotated about a center shaft by driving of a motor; a rotation angle acquisition unit configured to acquire information of a rotation angle of the rotation unit, as information proportional to the rotation angle; and a control unit configured to control the driving of the motor on the basis of the information of the rotation angle acquired by the rotation angle acquisition unit.

Abstract: There is provided a driving apparatus including: a rotation unit configured to be rotated about a center shaft by driving of a motor; a rotation angle acquisition unit configured to acquire information of a rotation angle of the rotation unit, as information proportional to the rotation angle; and a control unit configured to control the driving of the motor on the basis of the information of the rotation angle acquired by the rotation angle acquisition unit.

Abstract: A joint analyzing method includes: performing a data measurement; performing a detailed analysis; performing a simplified analysis; performing a first repetition analysis in which the detailed analysis is repeated while modifying a first analysis model in which geometry of a joint surrounding region is modeled and an analysis technique in the detailed analysis, until a data measurement result and a detailed analysis result are brought into agreement; and performing a second repetition analysis in which the simplified analysis that takes into consideration an initial internal load of at least one junction in a load non-applied state obtained in the first repetition analysis is repeated while modifying a second analysis model rougher in element division of the geometry than the first analysis model and an analysis technique in the simplified analysis, until the data measurement result and a simplified analysis result are brought into agreement.

Abstract: A joint analyzing method includes: performing a data measurement; performing a detailed analysis; performing a simplified analysis; performing a first repetition analysis in which the detailed analysis is repeated while modifying a first analysis model in which geometry of a joint surrounding region is modeled and an analysis technique in the detailed analysis, until a data measurement result and a detailed analysis result are brought into agreement; and performing a second repetition analysis in which the simplified analysis that takes into consideration an initial internal load of at least one junction in a load non-applied state obtained in the first repetition analysis is repeated while modifying a second analysis model rougher in element division of the geometry than the first analysis model and an analysis technique in the simplified analysis, until the data measurement result and a simplified analysis result are brought into agreement.