Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided an optical receiver including: a beam reducer including an incident lens condensing first collimated light having a first diameter to a focal point, an emitting lens receiving light emitted from the incident lens and emitting second collimated light having a second diameter smaller than the first diameter, and a main body provided between the incident lens and the emitting lens, the main body having the focal point inside; and a light receiving element including a light receiving lens condensing the second collimated light and a light receiving portion receiving the light condensed by the light receiving lens.

Abstract: An optical module of the present disclosure includes an optical element, a first optical component that is optically coupled to the optical element, a second optical component that is optically coupled to the first optical component, a receptacle to which an optical fiber that transmits the incident light to the second optical component is connected, a terminal unit that electrically outputs an output signal of the optical element to the outside, and a package that accommodates the optical element, the first optical component, and the second optical component and is provided with the receptacle on a first surface and the terminal unit on a second surface facing the first surface, wherein the wiring extends from the first surface side to the second surface side and electrically connects the second optical component and the terminal unit.

Abstract: An optical module of the present disclosure includes an optical element, a first optical component that is optically coupled to the optical element, a second optical component that is optically coupled to the first optical component, a receptacle to which an optical fiber that transmits the incident light to the second optical component is connected, a terminal unit that electrically outputs an output signal of the optical element to the outside, and a package that accommodates the optical element, the first optical component, and the second optical component and is provided with the receptacle on a first surface and the terminal unit on a second surface facing the first surface, wherein the wiring extends from the first surface side to the second surface side and electrically connects the second optical component and the terminal unit.

Abstract: A package for an optical receiver module is disclosed. The package includes a housing having electrically conductive walls including a rear wall and a pair of side walls, and a feed-through provided in the rear wall. The feed-through includes an internal portion having an upper rear face and a lower rear face, and an external portion protruding from the upper rear face and the lower rear face outwardly and having a top face and/or a back face continuous to the upper rear face and/or the lower rear face of the internal portion, a first top face, a second back face, and a pair of side faces, the rear face and the side faces connecting the first top face with the second back face, the first top face including DC lines, the second back face including transmission lines, and the transmission lines.

Abstract: A wavelength de-multiplexing system that receives a wavelength multiplexed signal and generates electrical signals corresponding to the optical signals is disclosed. The optical receiver module includes a lens, a lens unit, and an optical de-multiplexer (O-DeMux). The lens converts the wavelength multiplexed signal into a quasi-collimated beam. The lens unit narrows a diameter of the quasi-collimated beam. The O-DeMux de-multiplexes the narrowed quasi-collimated beam coming from the lens unit by wavelength selective filters (WSFs) each having optical distances from the lens unit different from each other.

Abstract: A package for an optical receiver module is disclosed. The package includes a housing having electrically conductive walls including a rear wall and a pair of side walls, and a feed-through provided in the rear wall. The feed-through includes an internal portion having an upper rear face and a lower rear face, and an external portion protruding from the upper rear face and the lower rear face outwardly and having a top face and/or a back face continuous to the upper rear face and/or the lower rear face of the internal portion, a first top face, a second back face, and a pair of side faces, the rear face and the side faces connecting the first top face with the second back face, the first top face including DC lines, the second back face including transmission lines, and the transmission lines.

Abstract: A wavelength de-multiplexing system that receives a wavelength multiplexed signal and generates electrical signals corresponding to the optical signals is disclosed. The optical receiver module includes a lens, a lens unit, and an optical de-multiplexer (O-DeMux). The lens converts the wavelength multiplexed signal into a quasi-collimated beam. The lens unit narrows a diameter of the quasi-collimated beam. The O-DeMux de-multiplexes the narrowed quasi-collimated beam coming from the lens unit by wavelength selective filters (WSFs) each having optical distances from the lens unit different from each other.

Abstract: A package for an optical receiver module is disclosed. The package includes a housing having electrically conductive walls including a rear and a pair of side walls, and a feed-through provided in the rear wall. The feed-through includes an internal portion, and an external portion protruding from the internal portion. The internal portion has a top face and a back face, the top face including ground lines, the back face including transmission lines with signal lines and ground lines.

Abstract: A wavelength de-multiplexing system that receives a wavelength multiplexed signal and generates electrical signals corresponding to the optical signals is disclosed. The optical receiver module includes a lens, a lens unit, and an optical de-multiplexer (O-DeMux). The lens converts the wavelength multiplexed signal into a quasi-collimated beam. The lens unit narrows a diameter of the quasi-collimated beam. The O-DeMux de-multiplexes the narrowed quasi-collimated beam coming from the lens unit by wavelength selective filters (WSFs) each having optical distances from the lens unit different from each other.

Abstract: A package for an optical receiver module is disclosed. The package includes a housing having electrically conductive walls including a rear wall and a pair of side walls, and a feed-through provided in the rear wall. The feed-through includes an internal portion having an upper rear face and a lower rear face, and an external portion protruding from the upper rear face and the lower rear face outwardly and having a top face and/or a back face continuous to the upper rear face and/or the lower rear face of the internal portion, a first top face, a second back face, and a pair of side faces, the rear face and the side faces connecting the first top face with the second back face, the first top face including DC lines, the second back face including transmission lines, and the transmission lines.

Abstract: A wavelength de-multiplexing system that receives a wavelength multiplexed signal and generates electrical signals corresponding to the optical signals is disclosed. The optical receiver module includes a lens, a lens unit, and an optical de-multiplexer (O-DeMux). The lens converts the wavelength multiplexed signal into a quasi-collimated beam. The lens unit narrows a diameter of the quasi-collimated beam. The O-DeMux de-multiplexes the narrowed quasi-collimated beam coming from the lens unit by wavelength selective filters (WSFs) each having optical distances from the lens unit different from each other.

Abstract: A method to manufacture an optical module is disclosed, wherein the optical module has an optically active device on a lead frame and a lens co-molded with the active device and the lead frame by a transparent resin as positioning the lens with respect to the lead frame. The molding die of the present invention has a positioning pin to support the lens during the molding. Because the lead frame is aligned with the molding die, the precise alignment between the active device on the lead frame and the lens is not spoiled during the molding.

Abstract: A method to manufacture an optical module is disclosed, wherein the optical module has an optically active device on a lead frame and a lens co-molded with the active device and the lead frame by a transparent resin as positioning the lens with respect to the lead frame. The molding die of the present invention has a positioning pin to support the lens during the molding. Because the lead frame is aligned with the molding die, the precise alignment between the active device on the lead frame and the lens is not spoiled during the molding.

Abstract: An alkyl nitrite is produced with high efficiency by bringing a nitrogen monoxide gas into contact with an aqueous solution of an alkyl alcohol and nitric acid in a reactor 2, which aqueous solution may be a liquid fraction generated in an alkyl nitrite-production process in which an alkyl alcohol is reacted with nitrogen monoxide and oxygen in a reaction column 1.

Abstract: An alkyl nitrite is produced with high efficiency by bringing a nitrogen monoxide gas into contact with an aqueous solution of an alkyl alcohol and nitric acid in a reactor 2, which aqueous solution may be a liquid fraction generated in an alkyl nitrite-production process in which an alkyl alcohol is reacted with nitrogen monoxide and oxygen in a reaction column 1.

Abstract: An alkyl nitrite is produced with high efficiency by bringing a nitrogen monoxide gas into contact with an aqueous solution of an alkyl alcohol and nitric acid in a reactor 2, which aqueous solution may be a liquid fraction generated in an alkyl nitrite-production process in which an alkyl alcohol is reacted with nitrogen monoxide and oxygen in a reaction column 1.

Abstract: An alkyl nitrite is produced with high efficiency by bringing a nitrogen monoxide gas into contact with an aqueous solution of an alkyl alcohol and nitric acid in a reactor 2, which aqueous solution may be a liquid fraction generated in an alkyl nitrite-production process in which an alkyl alcohol is reacted with nitrogen monoxide and oxygen in a reaction column 1.

Abstract: An aromatic polyimide film directly laminated with a metal foil and an aromatic polyimide film directly laminated on both sides with a metal foil wherein the polyimide film (substrate) comprises an aromatic polyimide layer-A of 6-200 .mu.m thick whose polyimide is derived from a biphenyltetracarboxylic acid or its derivative and a phenylenediamine and an aromatic polyimide layer-B of 0.2-15 .mu.m thick whose polyimide is derived from an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid or its derivative and an aromatic diamine having plural benzene rings, and the polyimide layer-A has a thickness of not less than 55% of the total thickness of the aromatic polyimide substrate film, the polyimide layer-B is fixed to the polyimide layer-A under the condition that the layer-B cannot be peeled from the layer-A along the interface between these layers-A and -B and the metal foil is directly fixed on the surface of the polyimide layer-B via no adhesive.

Abstract: A process for preparing a metallized polyimide film, comprising the steps of: forming a solidified film containing 100 parts by weight of an aromatic polyamic acid in the form of a solution obtained by polymerizing approximately equal moles of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid component and an aromatic diamine component and 5 to 150 parts by weight of an organic polar solvent; applying a surface treatment solution containing a heat-resistant surface treating agent to the surface of the solidified film; heating the solidified film to a high temperature to imidize the polyamic acid, while drying the film to prepare a polyimide film; forming a thin metal vapor-deposited layer by a vapor deposition of a metal on the treated surface of the polyimide film with the heat-resistant surface treatment agent; and applying metal plating onto the metal vapor deposited layer to form a metal plated layer thereon.