Abstract: Disclosed is a copolymer comprising a polyethylene segment which is a main chain; a reactive silicon-containing group which is a side group of the polyethylene segment; and a polycondensation segment bonded to the polyethylene segment, which is a part of the main chain together with the polyethylene segment or a side chain with respect to the polyethylene segment. There are provided a condensation polymer having many reactive silicon-containing groups with respect to one molecule and an organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric material having superior properties such as strength, heat resistance, weather resistance and chemical resistance by using the polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polycarbonate or polyester having reactive silicon-containing groups which can provide an organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric material having strong cross-linkage to inorganic components based on its many reactive silicon-containing groups. The polycarbonate or polyester has the following unit: wherein, either Q1 or Q2 is a side chain having a reactive silicon-containing group, the other of Q1 or Q2, and R1, R2 are each independently hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aroyl group or an aralkyl group, wherein the groups may have a substituted group or atom, Q1 and Q2 may be taken together to form a ring, R1 and R2 may be taken together to form a ring, and R is a bivalent group of alkylene group, arylene group or combination thereof, which accomplishes the above objective.

Abstract: A non-pyrophoric nigrosine dye and a method of production thereof. A nigrosine dye wherein B?A?0.04% by weight if, in analysis using a gas chromatograph apparatus equipped with a glass-made sample injection port, the aniline content of the sample determined at a temperature of 200° C. at the sample injection port is written as A% by weight, and the aniline content of the sample determined at a temperature of 260° C. at the sample injection port is written as B% by weight. A method of producing a nigrosine dye which comprises a heat treatment of a neutralized nigrosine base.

Abstract: Disclosed is a copolymer comprising a polyethylene segment which is a main chain; a reactive silicon-containing group which is a side group of the polyethylene segment; and a polycondensation segment bonded to the polyethylene segment, which is a part of the main chain together with the polyethylene segment or a side chain with respect to the polyethylene segment. There are provided a condensation polymer having many reactive silicon-containing groups with respect to one molecule and an organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric material having superior properties such as strength, heat resistance, weather resistance and chemical resistance by using the polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a copolymer comprising a polyethylene segment which is a main chain; a reactive silicon-containing group which is a side group of the polyethylene segment; and a polycondensation segment bonded to the polyethylene segment, which is a part of the main chain together with the polyethylene segment or a side chain with respect to the polyethylene segment. There are provided a condensation polymer having many reactive silicon-containing groups with respect to one molecule and an organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric material having superior properties such as strength, heat resistance, weather resistance and chemical resistance by using the polymer.

Abstract: According to the present invention, organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials with compositional gradient, and processes for preparing the same are provided. In the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials with compositional gradient, formation of cracks, removal of surface, or deformation such as warp and distortion, under heat shock or upon aging, hardly occurs. The organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials with compositional gradient are comprised of an organic polymer component and a metal oxide component which are covalently bonded each other, characterized in that concentration of the organic polymer component, or of the metal oxide component is increased or decreased in the direction of thickness of the material.

Abstract: A nucleating-effect-suppressor comprising a compound being any of the compounds having at least one structure selected from among polycyclic structures wherein three or more 4-membered or higher cyclic structures are condensed to form condensed ring, excluding nigrosine, aniline black and copper phthalocyanine derivative, a crystalline resin composition containing the nucleating-effect-suppressor, and a method of controlling crystallization by the used of the nucleating-effect-suppressor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymeric material obtained by melt-kneading, using a kneading machine, a resin composition which contains organic polymers having metal alkoxy groups. An organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric material which is suitable for use in high-performance and high-function polymeric materials, was provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymeric material obtained by melt-kneading, using a kneading apparatus, a resin composition containing an organic polymer having no metal alkoxy group and a metal alkoxide compound. The organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric material, a polymeric material containing this component, and a molded products obtained therefrom are suitable for high-performance and high-function plastic applications. Simple and practical processes for producing them at high productivity and at low cast are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a copolymer comprising a polyethylene segment which is a main chain; a reactive silicon-containing group which is a side group of the polyethylene segment; and a polycondensation segment bonded to the polyethylene segment, which is a part of the main chain together with the polyethylene segment or a side chain with respect to the polyethylene segment. There are provided a condensation polymer having many reactive silicon-containing groups with respect to one molecule and an organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric material having superior properties such as strength, heat resistance, weather resistance and chemical resistance by using the polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymeric material obtained by melt-kneading, using a kneading apparatus, a resin composition containing an organic polymer having no metal alkoxy group and a metal alkoxide compound. The organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric material, a polymeric material containing this component, and a molded products obtained therefrom are suitable for high-performance and high-function plastic applications. Simple and practical processes for producing them at high productivity and at low cast are also disclosed.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an organic-inorganic composite material which shows high mechanical strength and high water resistance, requires low cost for preparation, and is preferred to be used as a high performance and a high functional plastic material. The present invention provides an organic-inorganic composite material which comprises a matrix of an organic polymer (E), metal oxide particles (C) dispersed uniformly in the organic polymer (E), and a surface modifier for allowing the metal oxide particles (C) to disperse uniformly in the organic polymer (E), wherein the surface modifier is another organic polymer (A) which has a functional group formable of a covalent bond to a surface of the metal oxide particles (C).

Abstract: According to the present invention, organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials with compositional gradient, and processes for preparing the same are provided. In the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials with compositional gradient, formation of cracks, removal of surface, or deformation such as warp and distortion, under heat shock or upon aging, hardly occurs. The organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials with compositional gradient are comprised of an organic polymer component and a metal oxide component which are covalently bonded each other, characterized in that concentration of the organic polymer component, or of the metal oxide component is increased or decreased in the direction of thickness of the material.

Abstract: According to the present invention, organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials with compositional gradient, and processes for preparing the same are provided. In the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials with compositional gradient, formation of cracks, removal of surface, or deformation such as warp and distortion, under heat shock or upon aging, hardly occurs. The organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials with compositional gradient are comprised of an organic polymer component and a metal oxide component which are covalently bonded each other, characterized in that concentration of the organic polymer component, or of the metal oxide component is increased or decreased in the direction of thickness of the material.

Abstract: The present invention is made to provide an organic-inorganic hybrid material, a surface of which is supplied with a layer having photo-catalysis, without photo-degradation of the substrate. The present invention provides an organic-inorganic hybrid material comprising a substrate, an intermediate layer and a photo-catalysis layer which are sequentially formed on a surface of the substrate wherein, the intermediate layer is composed of an organic-inorganic hybrid polymer material in which an organic polymer component and a metal oxide component are covalently bonded each other, which is obtained by hydrolyzing and polycondensing a solution or a wet gel which comprises an organic polymer having an alkoxymetal group as a functional group or an organic polymer having a functional group reactable with a metal alkoxide compound, and a metal alkoxide compound, and the photo-catalysis layer is composed of metal oxides having photo-catalysis.

Abstract: Charge control agent comprising a metal complex salt compound having a monoazo compound as a ligand, wherein the metal complex salt compound is amorphous, and which is excellent in charge control properties, heat resistance and light fastness, good in dispersibility in, and wettability with, toner resins, hardly damages the photoreceptor when used in a toner, and is unlikely to drop from toner particles during charging; process for manufacturing the charge control agent, comprising subjecting a crystalline metal complex salt compound having a monoazo compound as a ligand to wet milling in an organic solvent, or dissolving the crystalline metal complex salt compound in an organic solvent, and subsequently re-dispersing it in water; and toner for developing electrostatic images comprising said charge control agent, a toner resin, and a coloring agent, and method of use thereof.

Abstract: Monoazo metal compound of formula [I] which is excellent in charge control or charge-enhancing property, and toner for developing electrostatic images and powdery paint for electrostatic painting incorporating thereof:D.sub.3 (Met).sub.2 [I]D is a ligand based on a monoazo compound of formula [II] or [III], Met is a metal atom, and the 3 molecules of D are coordinated to the 2 atoms of Met: ##STR1## R.sup.1 -R.sup.10, and R.sup.21 -R.sup.28 are each H, halogen, nitro, alkyl or haloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, --SO.sub.2 N(R.sup.11).sub.2 (R.sup.11 is H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl), --N(R.sup.12).sub.2 (R.sup.12 is H, lower alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyl), --CONH(R.sup.13) (R.sup.13 is H, a lower alkyl, aryl, aralkyl); 2 or more of R.sup.1 -R.sup.10 and/or R.sup.21 -R.sup.28 may bind together to form an aromatic or aliphatic ring.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the characteristics of an inorganic material are suitably supplied to an organic material, and the characteristics of an organic material are suitably supplied to an inorganic material. The organic-inorganic hybrid polymer is obtained by the process in which a polymer having a polycarbonate and/or a polyarylate moiety as a main frame and having a metal alkoxide group as a functional group, is hydrolyzed and polycondensed to form crosslinkages. Another process is that in which a polymer having a polycarbonate and/or a polyarylate moiety as a main frame and having a metal alkoxide group as a functional group, and a metal alkoxide compound are cohydrorized and copolycondensed to form crosslinkages.

Abstract: Positively-chargeable charge control agent and toner for developing electrostatic images that comprises a coloring agent, a resin for toners, and said positively-chargeable charge control agent. The positively-chargeable charge control agent comprises a metal complex salt or metal complex of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid having at least 1 perfluoroalkyl group, wherein the central atom of the metal complex salt or metal complex is a trivalent metal.

Abstract: Metal compound of formula [I] which is excellent in charge control or charge-enhancing property, and toner for developing electrostatic images and powdery paint for electrostatic painting incorporating thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl group, or a linear or branched unsaturated alkyl group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may bind together to form an aromatic or aliphatic ring which may have one or more substituents of a linear or branched alkyl group, or a linear or branched unsaturated alkyl group; M represents a metal; m represents an integer of 3 or more; n represents an integer of 2 or more.