Abstract: A ventilated corona charging device for charging a charge receptor includes at least one corona wire to which a high voltage is applied, an electrically conductive shield which partly encloses the corona wire and a blower for directing a stream of air at least into a first region defined between the corona wire and the charge receptor, preferably also into a second region defined between the corona wire and the shield, in order to cause corona discharge which is uniform as well as stable.

Abstract: An electronic copying apparatus is provided of the type in which an electrostatic latent image is formed on a record medium and developed with a toner powder to provide a visual image which is then transferred onto a transfer paper. A neutralizer has a conductive shield plate which includes a side plate which is located at an advanced position as viewed in the direction of movement of the record medium and which is spaced a given distance from the surface of the record medium, maintaining an electric field formed therebetween below 2 kV/cm. A conductive electrode plate is disposed close to an image carrier or a record medium which moves while retaining the visual toner powder image, and a voltage of the same polarity as that of the toner powder is applied to the conductive electrode plate.

Abstract: A magnetic brush development apparatus includes a developer containing magnetic powder therein which is attracted to a non-magnetic support member by a magnet arranged therein. The developer is brought into contact with a latent electrostatic image bearing member which is located in a development section for developing the latent electrostatic image. The magnet has substantially one magnetic pole portion capable of producing a magnetic field having a plurality of peaks in the intensity of the magnetic field located in the development section.

Abstract: A magnetic brush development apparatus of the type comprising a plurality of rotatable, non-magnetic sleeves having stationary, inner magnets and capable of successively scooping up developer to the development section by the sleeves, wherein the magnets in the adjacent sleeves, located in the region where the developer is transferred from one sleeve to the next sleeve, are the same in polarity.

Abstract: An electric heater means thermally fixes a toner image to a copy sheet to produce a permanent electrostatic copy of an original document. The heater means is normally energized at partial power but is switched to full power by means of microswitches at the inlet and outlet of the heater means which are actuated by the copy sheet while the copy sheet passes through the heater means. The heater means is switched to full power for a shorter length of time during a multiple copy operation than during a single copy operation.

Abstract: A copying machine of the scanning exposure type includes an original receptacle or an optical system which is adapted to reciprocate. The original receptacle or optical system is mounted on a rockable support which has one end pivotally mounted on the body of the copying machine. A normally inoperative locking device is interposed between the original receptacle or optical system and its drive mechanism, so that when the rockable support is released and pivoted, the locking device is effective to prevent a movement of the original receptacle or optical system which may result from its weight.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning toner attaching to the surface of a photosensitive member of an electrophotographic copying machine of the dry, transfer type which employs a magnetic toner as developer. Subsequent to the transfer step, the magnetic toner which attaches to the surface of the photosensitive member is removed therefrom by a cylindrical brush, then transferred to a non-magnetic sleeve which internally houses a magnet, and finally scraped therefrom by a separator to fall down into a tray.

Abstract: Rotating magnetic poles are arranged so that they set up a strong repulsive force at a particular angular position thereof so that toner particles may be thrown by centrifugal force onto a photoconductive member to perform cascade development. The magnetic poles may be disposed in either one or two cylindrical magnetic brushes. The brushes are arranged so that one of them slidingly contacts the surface of the photoconductive member after the cascade development is completed to perform magnetic brush development.