Abstract: A method and apparatus for rapidly and accurately determining fiber orientation of paper which is at a standstill or moving in a paper machine employs a projector which projects a light beam perpendicularly to an incident surface of the paper to be tested. The light beam reflected by the incident paper surface is caught by eight or more light receivers distributed on a circumference of a circle on the incident surface side of the paper. The circle is defined in a plane extending in parallel to the paper surface and having an axis at the point where the above-mentioned parallel plane intersects an axis of the incident light beam. A light information signal output from the light receivers are subjected to a processing to obtain the fiber orientation characteristics, such as fiber orientation index value and fiber orientation angle.

Abstract: In a file management system a plurality of information processing devices are provided with files of tree structure. The information processing devices are linked through a communication line and dispersed files are utilized by a plurality of users in common. Each of the users can construct his own file without having any influence on the others. A table is provided including a column indicating the relation of links for the case where an arbitrary branch of a tree structure, included within at least one information processing device, is linked with a part of files included within another information device and a column specifying groups, for which the relation of links is valid. Linking is only permitted for access demands from members belonging to the group for which the relation of links is indicated as valid, to the part of the files of the other information processing device.

Abstract: In a data processing system having a central processing unit, at least an input/output unit such as an MT unit or a floppy disk unit, a memory, an address bus, a first address translation unit, a second address translation unit, and an address selection unit, an output address from the central processing unit is translated by the first address translation unit to supply a resultant address to the address bus and, an output address from the input/output unit is directly fed to the address bus. An address on the address bus is delivered to the address selection unit, and the address selection unit selectively supplies the memory with the output address delivered from the first translation unit onto the address bus or with the resultant address obtained by translating the output address from the input/output unit by means of the second translation unit.

Abstract: A synchronized concurrent process system incorporating a data driven control with a time attribute being assigned to the shared data. The term "data driven control" means a process operation sequence control system which satisfies the following three conditions. In condition 1, a process is allowed to initiate its operation when all the data items to be referred to by the process are generated by other processes; in condition 2, during a time period from when a processing initiates its operation to when the processing terminates its operation, the other processes are prohibited to update any data item to be referred to by the process, and in condition 3, only when a process terminates its operation, the other processes are allowed to refer to all the data items generated by the process. However, the data driven control alone is not satisfactory. Recognizing the existence of shared data, a time attribute (interior clock) is provided to discriminate the same data before and after updating.